"A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data."
Using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze spatial patterns in historical data.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a computer-based tool that captures, stores, analyzes, and presents geospatial data to support decision-making and understanding of patterns and relationships in the physical and human world.
Spatial Analysis: Spatial analysis involves the examination of patterns, relationships, and processes related to space and location within historical disciplines and topics using geospatial technologies and analytical techniques.
Remote Sensing: Remote sensing is a method of gathering information about objects or areas from a distance using various imaging technologies.
Geostatistics: Geostatistics is a statistical method that analyzes and models spatially correlated data to better understand and predict variations and patterns in geographic phenomena.
Digital Mapping: Digital Mapping refers to the use of computational tools and techniques to create, analyze, and visualize maps for historical research and geospatial analysis.
Geographic Data Analysis: Geographic Data Analysis involves the examination and interpretation of spatially-referenced data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends in historical events, places, and phenomena.
Spatial Data Infrastructure: Spatial Data Infrastructure refers to the framework and techniques for collecting, managing, and sharing geospatial data and related information to facilitate effective spatial analysis and decision-making in historical research and other disciplines.
Cartography: Cartography is the study and practice of creating maps, charts, and visual representations of geospatial data.
Web Mapping: Web mapping is the process of visualizing, analyzing, and interpreting geographic data through interactive online maps.
Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS): Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) involve the use of geospatial data and analytical tools to aid in making informed decisions about spatial problems or issues.
Geovisualization: Geovisualization is the interdisciplinary field that combines cartography, data visualization, and computer science to visually represent and analyze spatial data in order to understand historical phenomena and patterns.
Data Mining: Data Mining is the process of discovering patterns or insights from large datasets using statistical methods and machine learning algorithms.
Spatial Econometrics: Spatial Econometrics is a statistical approach that examines the interdependence of economic phenomena across different geographic locations.
Geolocation: Geolocation refers to the process of determining and recording the precise geographical location or coordinates of a specific event, object, or place in history.
Data Fusion: Data fusion is the process of integrating and merging multiple sources of data to generate comprehensive and accurate insights for historical analysis and geospatial investigations.
Spatial point pattern analysis: It is the study of the random or non-random distribution of points on a map.
Spatial regression analysis: It is a method of identifying statistically significant spatial relationships between different variables.
Geostatistical analysis: It uses a model to explore various spatial patterns and trends in data.
Network Analysis: It involves the study of how different elements in a network interact with one another.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS): It is a system that allows users to analyze, manipulate, and store geographic information.
Spatial data mining: It is the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large spatial datasets.
Remote sensing: It involves using imagery from satellites or aerial sensors to extract information about the earth surface.
Spatial econometrics: It is the study of how spatial relationships between different variables affect economic outcomes.
Spatial data visualization: It is a way of displaying geographic data in a visual format that is easy to understand.
"[A GIS] consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data."
"Much of this often happens within a spatial database, however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS."
"One may consider such a system also to include human users and support staff, procedures and workflows, the body of knowledge of relevant concepts and methods, and institutional organizations."
"The uncounted plural, geographic information systems, also abbreviated GIS, is the most common term for the industry and profession concerned with these systems."
"The academic discipline that studies these systems and their underlying geographic principles, may also be abbreviated as GIS, but the unambiguous GIScience is more common."
"They are attached to various operations and numerous applications, that relate to: engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business."
"GIS and location intelligence applications are at the foundation of location-enabled services, which rely on geographic analysis and visualization."
"GIS provides the capability to relate previously unrelated information, through the use of location as the 'key index variable'."
"Locations and extents that are found in the Earth's spacetime are able to be recorded through the date and time of occurrence, along with x, y, and z coordinates."
"[x, y, and z coordinates representing] longitude (x), latitude (y), and elevation (z)."
"All Earth-based, spatial-temporal, location and extent references should be relatable to one another, and ultimately, to a 'real' physical location or extent."
"This key characteristic of GIS has begun to open new avenues of scientific inquiry and studies." Note: Since not all 20 questions can be answered directly by quotes from the paragraph, I have provided answers for the available quotes.