"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The practice of a nation-state extending its political and economic control over other geographically and culturally distinct regions.
Definition of Colonialism: Understanding the basic definition and concept of colonialism is fundamental in comprehending the structure of power relations and impact of colonization.
Imperialism: The practice of extending the power authority of one state or country over other territories, often for economic or political gain, which often leads to colonization.
European Colonialism: The study of European colonization in different parts of the world, including their motives, strategies, and impacts, would also be a central topic in the field of colonialism.
Decolonization: The process of removing colonization from a territory, gained momentum post-World War 2 as various countries demanded independence from their colonizers.
Postcolonialism: The study of the legacies of colonialism in societies, and how it has impacted their social, cultural, and economic structures.
Orientalism: Refers to an ideology that portrays Eastern or non-Western cultures as exotic, irrational and morally inferior.
Neocolonialism: The practice of maintaining a colonial-like relationship with former colonies unofficially through economic or cultural domination.
Imperial Exceptionalism: The belief that colonial powers are "exceptional" in their ability to dominate other cultures and societies.
Colonialism and Literature: A vast body of literature has been written around the theme of colonialism, which provides insight into different experiences and outcomes of colonization.
Environmental Colonialism: One of the most pressing issues related to colonialism is environmental exploitation and degradation in the colonized lands.
Gender and Colonialism: The impact of colonialism on gender relations and how colonial structures have systematically oppressed women in colonized lands.
Resistance and Colonialism: The role of resistance movements, acts of rebellion, and nationalism in the overthrow of colonial powers, and the establishment of independent states.
The Legacy of Colonialism and Postcolonialism: The long-lasting effects of colonialism on postcolonial societies, including issues around identity, power, and autonomy.
Settler colonialism: This involves a group of people migrating from their homeland to establish a new settlement in a foreign land. The settlers often displace the indigenous people and take over their land, resources, and political power.
Exploitative colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the exploitation of the resources and labor of the colonized people for the benefit of the colonizer. The colonizers establish economic structures that enable them to extract resources from the colony and often use forced labor to achieve this.
Mercantile colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of trade networks between the colonizer and the colony. The colonizer controls the production and distribution of goods and establishes monopolies to ensure the profitability of the trade.
Plantation colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of large-scale agricultural plantations in the colony, which are usually worked by enslaved or indentured labor. The products of these plantations are usually exported back to the colonizing country.
Administrative colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of colonial bureaucracy to govern the colony. The colonial administration is usually run by officials from the colonizing country, who impose their political, economic, and social systems on the colony.
Neo-colonialism: This involves the use of economic, cultural, and political influence to maintain control over a former colony. The colonizing country often uses economic aid, international agreements, and multinational corporations to maintain its power over the former colony.
Cultural colonialism: This involves the imposition of the colonizer's culture on the colony, often through education systems that promote the values, language, and history of the colonizer over those of the colonized people. It often leads to the erasure of the culture, traditions, and values of the colonized people.
Internal colonialism: This involves the domination of one group of people by another within the same country. This is often seen in situations where a minority group is disenfranchised in the political, economic, and social structures of the country by a dominant group.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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