"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
The recognition that multiple social identities, such as race, gender, and sexuality, intersect and interact to shape one's experiences and systemic oppression.
Identity: Examining the multiple identities that individuals hold and how these intersect to create unique experiences.
Privilege: Understanding the advantages and disadvantages that come with certain identities and how they can contribute to power dynamics.
Oppression: Recognizing the ways in which systems and structures of power perpetuate experiences of marginalization and discrimination for those with intersecting identities.
Social justice: Examining the role of activism and advocacy in promoting equity and challenging systems of oppression.
Borderlands: Recognizing the spaces in which different social groups come into contact and how these intersections influence identity and experience.
Power: Understanding the ways power functions within society and how it is distributed based on intersecting identities.
Intersectionality: Understanding how multiple identities intersect to create unique experiences of oppression and privilege.
Gender: Examining the social construction of gender and how it intersects with other identity categories.
Race: Analyzing the ways in which race intersects with other identity categories and how it impacts experiences of oppression and privilege.
Sexuality: Examining how sexual identity intersects with other identity categories and contributes to experiences of oppression and privilege.
Disability: Understanding how disabilities intersect with other identity categories and the unique experiences they create.
Class: Analyzing the ways in which class intersects with other identity categories and how it impacts experiences of oppression and privilege.
Intersectionality and activism: Examining the importance of intersectionality in activism and the ways in which attention to multiple identities can create more effective social change.
Intersecting identities in the workplace: Analyzing how intersectionality impacts experiences in the workplace and the importance of considering multiple identities when addressing workplace inequality.
Representation: Examining the importance of representation and diversity in media and popular culture, and the ways that intersectionality demands a more nuanced approach to representation.
Race and Gender Intersectionality: Examining how race and gender intersect in shaping an individual's experiences.
Ability and Gender Intersectionality: Examining how the intersection of disability and gender affect individuals’ experiences.
Class and Gender Intersectionality: Examining how socio-economic class affects the experiences of individuals based on their gender.
Crossover Intersectionality: Examining the intersections of multiple marginalized identities, such as race, gender, sexuality, ability, class, religion, language, and age.
Transnational Intersectionality: Examining the intersections of the impacts of globalization, migration, and colonization on marginalized individuals.
Faith-Based Intersectionality: Examining how religious affiliations intersect with marginalized identities.
Queer of Color Intersectionality: Examining how the intersections of race, ethnicity and gender shape the lived experiences of queer people of color.
Queer Disability Intersectionality: Examining how disability and the queer identity intersect in shaping individuals' experiences.
Queer Migrant Intersectionality: Examining the intersections of immigration, gender and sexuality, and other facets of identity for LGBTQIA+ migrants.
Age-based Intersectionality: Examining how the intersection of age and LGBTQIA+ identity affects individuals' personal and institutional experiences.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."