"Some sanction same-sex love and sexuality, while others may disapprove of such activities in part."
The study of the economic impact of queer identities and experiences on society and the economy.
Queer Theory: This interdisciplinary field of study explores the diverse experiences and identities of LGBTQ+ individuals, and their relationship with power structures and economic systems.
LGBTQ+ Economics: An emerging sub-field of economics that examines the economic impact and experiences of the LGBTQ+ community, including income disparities, labor market outcomes, entrepreneurship, and discrimination.
Intersectionality: This concept examines the ways in which race, class, gender, sexuality, and other social identities intersect to shape economic outcomes and experiences.
Heteronormativity and Homonormativity: These terms refer to societal norms and expectations surrounding heterosexual and LGBTQ+ identities, respectively, and how they influence economic outcomes.
Queer Labor Studies: This field of study investigates the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals within the labor market, including wage disparities, employment discrimination, and the implications of social identities on job satisfaction.
Marriage Equality and Economic Implications: This topic examines the economic benefits and drawbacks of marriage equality for LGBTQ+ individuals, including tax benefits, healthcare access, and other economic considerations.
Queer Consumption and Consumerism: This topic explores how LGBTQ+ individuals engage with consumer culture and how marketing strategies target or exclude them.
Gender Identity and Economics: This topic examines the economic challenges faced by transgender and non-binary individuals, including employment discrimination, health care access, and economic inequality.
Queer Economics and Policy: This field studies the impact of policies on LGBTQ+ individuals, including marriage equality, employment non-discrimination, and other relevant issues.
LGBTQ+ Community and Economic Development: This topic explores the role of LGBTQ+ communities and organizations in fostering economic development, including entrepreneurship, small business ownership, and community development initiatives.
Queer Economic Theory: This type of study explores the relationship between queer identities and economic systems. It examines how economic systems affect queer communities and vice versa.
Queer Labor Studies: Queer Labor Studies looks at how queer identities intersect with labor and work. This area of study looks at issues such as workplace discrimination and the intersectionality of race, gender, and sexuality in job markets.
Queer Consumption Studies: This type of study focuses on the consumption patterns of queer communities. It explores how marketing and advertising influences queer communities and how they respond to it.
Queer Development Studies: Queer Development Studies looks at the ways in which development policies impact queer communities. It examines how development policies can affect queer populations negatively and how to create policies that facilitate queer inclusion.
Queer Political Economy: Queer Political Economy examines the intersection of queer identities and political power. It explores how political systems impact queer communities and how queer activists can use political power to create change.
Queer Environmental Economics: This area of study looks at the effects of climate change and environmental degradation on queer communities. It examines how climate change and environmental degradation can disproportionately impact queer populations.
Queer Feminist Economics: This type of study explores the intersection of queer identities, feminism, and economics. It examines how these three areas interact and intersect with one another.
Queer Globalization Studies: Queer Globalization Studies examines the ways in which globalization impacts queer communities on a global scale. It explores how globalization has impacted queer identities and communities in different parts of the world.
Queer Economic Anthropology: This area of study focuses on the cultural and social aspects of queer economics. It explores how different cultures and societies understand and interact with queer economies.
Queer Economic Geography: Queer Economic Geography examines the spatial aspects of queer economies. It explores the ways in which queer communities exist in different geographic locations and how that impacts their economic systems.
"The strength of democratic institutions, the level of economic development, and the religious context of the places where people live."
"Anti-LGBT discrimination, opposition to LGBT rights, anti-LGBT hate speech, and violence against LGBT people."
"Since the 1970s, much of the world has become more accepting of homosexual acts and relationships."
"North America, the European Union, and much of Latin America."
"In predominantly Muslim nations, Africa, parts of Asia, and in Russia."
"In poorer countries with high levels of religiosity, few believe homosexuality should be accepted by society."
"Younger respondents offer far more tolerant views than older ones."
"In those countries where they are, women are consistently more accepting of homosexuality than men."
"All cultures have their own values regarding appropriate and inappropriate sexuality."
"Gender, age, social status, or social class."
"Some sects within some religions, especially those influenced by the Abrahamic tradition, have censured homosexual acts and relationships at various times."
"Anti-LGBT discrimination, opposition to LGBT rights, anti-LGBT hate speech, and violence against LGBT people."
"Acceptance of homosexuality is particularly widespread in countries where religion is less central in people's lives. These are also among the richest countries in the world."
"Predominantly Muslim nations, Africa, parts of Asia, and Russia."
"Younger respondents offer far more tolerant views than older ones."
"North America, the European Union, and much of Latin America."
"Acceptance of homosexuality is particularly widespread in countries where religion is less central in people's lives. These are also among the richest countries in the world."
"The level of economic development and the religious context of the places where people live."
"In those countries where they are, women are consistently more accepting of homosexuality than men."