- "Black feminism, also known as Afro-feminism chiefly outside the United States, is a branch of feminism that centers around black women." - "Black feminism philosophy centers on the idea that 'Black women are inherently valuable, that [Black women's] liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's but because of our need as human persons for autonomy.'"
A feminist movement that emphasizes the experiences of Black women and the intersections of race, gender, and social class in shaping those experiences.
- "According to Black feminism, race, gender, and class discrimination are all aspects of the same system of hierarchy." - "Due to their inter-dependency, they combine to create something more than experiencing racism and sexism independently."
- "The experience of being a Black woman, then, cannot be grasped in terms of being Black or of being a woman but must be illuminated via intersectionality." - "Intersectionality indicates that each identity—being Black and being female—should be considered both independently and for their interaction effect, in which intersecting identities deepen, reinforce one another, and potentially lead to aggravated forms of inequality."
- "Black feminist lens in the United States was first employed by Black women to make sense of how white supremacy and patriarchy interacted to inform the particular experiences of enslaved Black women." - "Black feminism rose to prominence in the 1960s, as the civil rights movement excluded women from leadership positions, and the mainstream feminist movement largely focused its agenda on issues that predominately impacted middle-class White women."
- "Black activists and intellectuals formed organizations such as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)." - "From the 1970s to 1980s, Black feminists formed groups that addressed the role of Black women in Black nationalism, gay liberation, and second-wave feminism."
- "In the 1990s, the Anita Hill controversy brought Black feminism into the mainstream."
- "Black feminist theories reached a wider audience in the 2010s as a result of social-media advocacy."
- "Proponents of Black feminism argue that Black women are positioned within structures of power in fundamentally different ways than White women."
- "In the early 21st century, the tag white feminist gained currency to criticize feminists who avoid issues of intersectionality."
- "bell hooks, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Angela Davis, and Patricia Hill Collins have emerged as leading academics on Black feminism." - "Black celebrities have encouraged mainstream discussion of Black feminism." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the paragraph, it was difficult to find specific quotes answering all 20 questions. However, these quotes provide a comprehensive overview of the paragraph and address the main points.