"A transgender person is someone whose gender identity is inconsistent or not culturally associated with the sex they were assigned at birth and also with the gender role that is associated with that sex."
The social, legal, and personal rights issues surrounding people who identify as a gender that does not correspond to their biological sex.
Gender identity: The personal sense of one's own gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth.
Gender dysphoria: The distress or discomfort experienced by some transgender individuals due to the mismatch between their gender identity and the sex assigned at birth.
Gender expression: The way in which a person presents their gender to the world through appearance, behavior, and other factors.
Sex assigned at birth: The classification of an individual as either male or female based on physical characteristics observed at birth.
Intersectionality: The concept that multiple social identities intersect to create unique experiences of oppression or privilege, including but not limited to race, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status.
Cisgender: Describing someone whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned at birth.
Transphobia: Prejudice and discrimination against transgender individuals.
Hormone replacement therapy: Medical treatment that involves taking hormones to align the body with gender identity.
Gender-affirming surgery: Medical procedures that alter the body to align it with gender identity and decrease gender dysphoria.
Non-binary gender identity: A gender identity that does not fit within the traditional binary of male and female.
Pronouns: The words used to refer to a person (e.g. he/him, she/her, they/them), including gender-neutral pronouns such as ze/zir or xe/xem.
Gender identity discrimination: The unfair treatment of individuals based on their gender identity or expression.
Access to healthcare: The difficulties that some transgender individuals may face in accessing appropriate medical care.
Legal recognition: The various legal processes involved in changing one's legal name and gender on official documents.
Advocacy and activism: Efforts to advance transgender rights and social justice issues through education and advocacy.
Legal rights: This includes the right to change your gender marker on identification, birth certificates, and legal documents.
Employment rights: This includes the right to be hired, promoted, and paid equally regardless of gender identity, as well as protection from discrimination, harassment, and violence in the workplace.
Healthcare rights: This includes access to health care, medical treatment, and therapy that is knowledgeable and affirming of transgender people's needs and identities.
Housing rights: This includes protections from discrimination by landlords, real estate agents, and other housing providers.
Education rights: This includes access to safe, inclusive, and welcoming learning environments for trans students, as well as protection from discrimination and harassment.
Social and cultural rights: This includes freedom from gender-based violence, access to gender-affirming resources and support, and the right to express oneself and one's gender identity without fear of retribution.
Family and parenting rights: This includes the right to marry, to adopt children or have biological children, and to have access to assisted reproductive technologies.
Immigration and asylum rights: This includes the right to seek asylum and protection from violence and persecution due to gender identity or expression, as well as access to necessary medical treatment while detained or incarcerated.
"Some transsexual people reject being labeled transgender."
"Globally, most legal jurisdictions recognize the two traditional gender identities and social roles, man and woman."
"There are some countries which recognize, by law, a third gender. That third gender is often associated with being nonbinary."
"Terms such as transgender people, trans men, and trans women, and non-binary are replacing the category of transsexual people."
"Many of the issues regarding transgender rights are generally considered a part of family law, especially the issues of marriage and the question of a transgender person benefiting from a partner's insurance or social security."
"The degree of legal recognition provided to transgender people varies widely throughout the world."
"In many countries, some of these modifications [gender-affirming surgery or hormonal means] are required for legal recognition."
"In some jurisdictions, transgender people (who are considered non-transsexual) can benefit from the legal recognition given to transsexual people."
"In some countries, an explicit medical diagnosis of 'transsexualism' is (at least formally) necessary."
"A diagnosis of 'gender dysphoria', or simply the fact that one has established a non-conforming gender role, can be sufficient for some or all of the legal recognition available."
"The DSM-5 recognizes gender dysphoria as an official diagnosis."
"Not all transgender or transsexual people feel gender dysphoria or gender incongruence."
"In a few [countries], the legal aspects are directly tied to health care; i.e. the same bodies or doctors decide whether a person can move forward in their treatment and the subsequent processes automatically incorporate both matters."
"In others, these medical procedures are illegal."
"Many countries now legally recognize sex reassignments by permitting a change of legal gender on an individual's birth certificate."
"The legal status of such healthcare varies."
"In many countries, a diagnosis is required for legal recognition, if transgender people are legally recognized at all."
"In many cases, transgender individuals face discrimination in employment, housing, healthcare, and other areas of life."
"There is now a greater understanding of the breadth of variation outside the typical categories of 'man' and 'woman', and many self-descriptions are now entering the literature, including pangender, genderqueer, polygender, and agender." Note: Due to the limited availability of quotes in the provided paragraph to answer all twenty study questions, some answers may be repeated or left unanswered.