Quote: "Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes."
A series of social and political movements that have aimed at establishing and defending the political, economic, and social rights and equalities for women.
First Wave Feminism: This wave emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focused on suffrage and legal equality for women.
Second Wave Feminism: This wave emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, focused on issues such as reproductive rights, workplace discrimination, and domestic violence.
Third Wave Feminism: This wave emerged in the 1990s, focused on issues such as intersectionality, the diversity of women's experiences, and the importance of individual empowerment.
Fourth Wave Feminism: This wave is a more recent phenomenon, focused on issues such as social media activism, the role of men in feminism, and the continuing fight for gender equality.
Patriarchy: A social system in which men hold power and authority in all aspects of society.
Gender Binary: The idea that there are only two genders, male and female, and that they are determined by biological sex.
Intersectionality: The recognition that individuals experience oppression and privilege based on multiple social identities, such as race, class, and sexuality, in addition to gender.
Feminist Critique of Media: An examination of the ways in which media representations of women reinforce gender stereotypes and contribute to the oppression of women.
Reproductive Rights: The right to make decisions about one's own body, including access to contraception and abortion.
Feminist Approaches to Education: An examination of how traditional educational systems reinforce gender roles and privilege certain types of knowledge over others.
Women's Health: An exploration of the ways in which gender affects access to healthcare, and how our understanding of health is shaped by gendered stereotypes and expectations.
First-wave feminism: The first wave of feminism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on suffrage, women's property rights, and legal inequalities. Women of this period fought for the right to vote and were successful in achieving it in the U.S in 1920.
Second-wave feminism: The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s and focused on social, cultural and legal inequalities beyond voting rights. Women during this time focused on issues such as reproductive rights, sexual harassment, domestic violence and gender-based discrimination in the workplace.
Third-wave feminism: The third wave of feminism began in the early 1990s and is commonly associated with intersectionality, which considers multiple identities and experiences that shape individuals. Third-wave feminists focused on expanding intersectionality to include non-binary and trans women.
Fourth-wave feminism: The fourth wave of feminism began in the late 2000s and continues today, focusing on digital feminism and issues related to social media and technology. Fourth-wave feminists aim to make the internet a safer space for women and to expand conversations about sexual assault.
Ecofeminism: Ecofeminism emerged as a response to feminist concerns about the intersection of gender and the environment. Ecofeminists view patriarchal attitudes towards the environment as a form of gender oppression.
Black feminism: Black feminism takes into account the experiences of black women and argues that mainstream feminist movements are not inclusive enough and marginalize women of color.
Postcolonial feminism: Postcolonial feminism highlights the intersectionality between colonialism, gender, and race. Postcolonial feminists focus on the experiences of women who have been subjugated by colonialism.
Radical feminism: Radical feminism is a feminist theory that advocates for the complete overhaul of societal norms and institutions. It aims to police and dismantle patriarchal structures that contribute to gender oppression.
Marxist feminism: Marxism feminists view the economic class system as a basis for gender oppression. Marxist feminists argue that gender oppression began with the advent of capitalism and promotes the labor market preference for male workers.
Quote: "Feminism holds the position that societies prioritize the male point of view and that women are treated unjustly in these societies."
Quote: "Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes and improving educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women."
Quote: "Originating in late 18th-century Europe, feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights..."
Quote: "campaigning for women's rights, including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, receive education, enter contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave."
Quote: "Feminists have also worked to ensure access to contraception, legal abortions, and social integration and to protect women and girls from sexual assault, sexual harassment, and domestic violence."
Quote: "Many scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for women's rights, particularly in the West."
Quote: "Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experiences."
Quote: "together liberal, socialist, and radical feminism are sometimes called the 'Big Three' schools of feminist thought."
Quote: "Since the late 20th century, many newer forms of feminism have emerged."
Quote: "Some forms, such as white feminism, have been criticized as taking into account only white, middle class, college-educated, heterosexual, or cisgender perspectives."
Quote: "such as black feminism and intersectional feminism."
Quote: "Some feminists have argued that feminism often promotes misandry and the elevation of women's interests above men's."
Quote: "...some feminists argue for the inclusion of men's liberation within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles."
Quote: "near-universally credited with achieving women's suffrage, gender-neutral language, reproductive rights for women, and the right to enter into contracts and own property."
Quote: "first-wave liberal feminism, which sought political and legal equality through reforms within a liberal democratic framework, was contrasted with labour-based proletarian women's movements that over time developed into socialist and Marxist feminism based on class struggle theory."
Quote: "calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate male supremacy."
Quote: "criticize radical feminist positions as harmful to both men and women."
Quote: "mainly focused on women's rights."
Quote: "feminist theorists have developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender."