"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
Understand the concept that individuals have overlapping identities, such as race, gender, and sexuality, that create unique experiences of oppression and privilege.
Privilege: Acknowledging the advantages and disadvantages that come with belonging to certain social groups and how they intersect.
Social Identity: Understanding the various aspects of a person's identity such as race, gender, sexuality, and how they affect the way they navigate oppression and privilege.
Oppression: Understanding the systemic and institutionalized biases that certain social groups face.
Stereotyping: Understanding how social groups are often categorized, judged and misunderstood based on their appearance, beliefs, or behavior.
Power: Understanding power dynamics and how they impact individuals and social groups.
Intersectionality: The recognition of how overlapping social identities can create more complex and interrelated experiences with oppression and privilege.
Feminism: Understanding the history and principles of the feminist movement and the various ways in which gender impacts everyday life.
Critical Race Theory: A framework that explores how race and racism impact society and institutions in contemporary times.
Queer Theory: A lens through which to understand the experiences of LGBTQIA+ individuals and their oppression.
Disability Studies: A field that explores the experiences of those who are disabled or differently-abled, their rights, and how they interact with other forms of oppression.
Environmental Justice: Examining how environmental issues disproportionately impact marginalized communities.
Body Politics: Looking at how bodies and bodily differences create divisions and hierarchies in society.
Reproductive Justice: The intersection of reproductive rights, reproductive health, and reproductive education.
Allyship: Understanding what it means to be an ally to marginalized communities and how to put that into practice on an individual level.
Activism: Examining movements, protests, and other forms of social engagement that attempt to dismantle oppressive systems.
Black Feminism: A framework that recognizes the intersection of race and gender, and specifically addresses the experiences of Black women.
Queer Intersectionality: This framework addresses the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, and other identities like race, class, and more.
Disability Intersectionality: Addresses the intersection of disability and other identities, including race, gender, sexuality, and economic status.
Feminism of Color: A framework that focuses on the experiences of women of color who face unique forms of oppression that are often distinct from those faced by white women.
Transfeminism: This framework recognizes the intersection of transgender identity and feminism, taking into account the experiences of transgender men and women, as well as non-binary individuals.
Indigenous Feminism: This framework addresses the intersection of colonialism, race, and gender, bringing attention to the unique experiences of Indigenous women.
Ecofeminism: This framework connects environmentalism with feminism by highlighting the interconnectedness of environmental issues and gender oppression.
Marxist Feminism: This framework recognizes the intersection of capitalism, class, and gender, examining how women are affected by economic inequality.
Third-wave Feminism: This framework emerged in the 1990s, and is characterized by a focus on the intersection of race, sexuality, and gender, as well as a rejection of some of the more rigid aspects of previous feminist movements.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."