"Critical race theory (CRT) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing how laws, social and political movements, and media shape, and are shaped by, social conceptions of race and ethnicity."
The use of critical race theory in education, including the role of educators in addressing issues of race and promoting anti-racism in the classroom.
Critical Race Theory (CRT): An interdisciplinary theoretical framework that examines how race intersects with law, politics, education, and other social structures to create and maintain systems of inequality.
Pedagogy: The study of teaching and learning, specifically how to create effective and transformative educational practices that challenge dominant power structures and create more equitable outcomes.
Intersectionality: The idea that individuals exist at the intersections of multiple identities, including race, class, gender, sexuality, etc., and that these identities affect one's experiences and opportunities in society.
Whiteness: The social and cultural norms, values, and privileges associated with being white, and how these norms and values are embedded in various social structures.
Colonialism: The historical and ongoing systems of exploitation and domination that have shaped relations between different cultures and races, particularly in the context of European imperialism and colonization.
Oppression: The practice of using power and authority to restrict or deny access to resources, opportunities, and rights to certain groups of people based on their identity.
Resistance: The strategies and actions taken by marginalized groups to challenge and resist systems of oppression and create more just and equitable outcomes.
Equity: The concept of fairness and justice that seeks to address historical and ongoing inequalities by ensuring that everyone has access to the resources and opportunities necessary to thrive.
Critical Pedagogy: A teaching approach that seeks to challenge dominant power structures and promote social justice through dialogue, critical reflection, and transformative action.
Intersectional Feminism: A feminist approach that seeks to understand and address the ways in which gender, race, and other social identities intersect and affect one's experiences and opportunities in society.
Counter-storytelling: This approach focuses on sharing personal anecdotes and stories that challenge dominant narratives about race and racism.
Racial discourse analysis: This is a critical examination of race-related language, its power and its impact on society and individuals. This can also analyze the language and power dynamics of written texts like literature or media.
Whiteness studies: This approach examines the ways in which white racial identity operates in society and how that identity is constructed and maintained. It aims to create awareness among both white and non-white individuals.
Critical Race Feminism/Women of Color Feminism: This approach focuses on the intersectionality of race and gender and how these intersect. It is an attempt to redress the racial and gender disadvantage suffered by women of color.
Intersectionality: This is an approach that recognizes that there are multiple dimensions of identity, including race, gender, class, sexual orientation, and ability, that interact to shape experiences of oppression and privilege.
Cultural studies: This approach analyzes the role of cultural artifacts such as art, music, and film in constructing and reinforcing racial identities and prejudices.
Deconstruction: This approach examines the biases and unexamined assumptions embedded in dominant cultural narratives, texts and histories, and challenges prevailing norms and values.
Critical race ethnography: This approach uses qualitative research methods to investigate and document the experiences of marginalized groups and how race contributes to such experiences.
Critical race theory: This is a theoretical framework that challenges dominant legal, political and social discourses and uncovers the ways they obscure or perpetuate inequality.
Critical pedagogy: This approach emphasizes transformative, democratic education that challenges power relations and fosters critical thinking, reflection, and action among learners.
"CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, and not only based on individuals' prejudices."
"The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical thinking, critical theory, and scholarly criticism, rather than criticizing or blaming individuals."
"CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a 'lens' focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism."
"A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability."
"For example, the CRT conceptual framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States."
"Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis."
"One tenet of CRT is that racism and disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals."
"CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as 'neutral' plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order."
"CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated."
"CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams."
"CRT draws from the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s."
"Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism."
"Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the instruction of CRT education in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies."
"Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of... having the goal to broadly silence discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the passage, not every question may have an explicit quote matching it exactly. However, the selected quotes provide relevant information related to the study questions.