"Birth order refers to the order a child is born in their family; first-born and second-born are examples."
The tendency for children who are born in different positions within a family hierarchy to have different personalities, traits, and expectations.
Birth order: Refers to the position of a person in the family based on their order of birth, whether they are the oldest, youngest, or in between.
Sibling rivalry: Refers to the competition, jealousy and conflict between siblings, which can be caused by factors such as attention from parents, resources, or parental expectations.
Parental favoritism: Refers to when parents favor one child over others, which can lead to jealousy, anger, and resentment among siblings.
Family dynamics: Refers to the patterns and interactions between family members, including communication, power dynamics, and roles.
Personality development: Birth order can influence the development of personality traits, such as leadership, independence or agreeableness, which can impact a person's relationships and future success.
Gender and birth order: Having children of different genders can also impact birth order and family dynamics, based on social and cultural norms and expectations.
Family size: The size of the family can also impact birth order and sibling relationships, with larger families having more complex family dynamics.
Temperament and personality: A child's inherent personality traits, such as shyness, outgoingness, or rebelliousness, can impact family dynamics and their relationships with siblings.
Parenting styles: The way parents interact with their children can impact birth order and sibling relationships, by influencing their expectations and behaviors towards their siblings.
Attachment and bonding: A child's experience of attachment and bonding with their parents and siblings can shape their emotional development and influence their relationships with others.
Firstborn: The oldest child in the family who is typically responsible, ambitious, and high-achieving.
Middle child: The child who falls between the eldest and the youngest in the family. Often described as being independent, adaptable, and empathetic.
Youngest: The youngest child in the family often gets the most attention and may be more free-spirited, outgoing, and creative.
Only child: The child who has no siblings and may often be described as having high self-esteem, being independent, and creative.
Twin: Twins are either identical or fraternal and they may often develop unique dynamics and relationships with each other. They may also be competitive or extremely close.
Stepchild: A child who is not biologically related to one parent but is part of a blended family. They may feel like an outsider or have difficulty finding their place in the family hierarchy.
Half-sibling: A child who shares only one biological parent with another sibling. This type of sibling may have a weaker bond than full siblings due to their distinct parentage.
Adopted child: A child who was not born into the family but was brought in through the process of adoption. They may have unique struggles with identity and belonging.
Foster child: A child who is taken into the family for a temporary period of time. They may feel like they don't have a permanent place in the family or struggle with attachment issues.
"This assertion has been repeatedly challenged."
"Recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence."
"has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality."
"Nevertheless, the notion that birth-order significantly influences personality continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture."
"first-born and second-born are examples."
"This assertion has been repeatedly challenged."
"Recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence."
"Recent research has consistently found... almost zero robust effect of birth order on personality."
"Recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence."
"This assertion has been repeatedly challenged."
"has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality."
"the notion that birth-order significantly influences personality continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture."
"recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence."
"earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence, but has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality."
"has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality."
"This assertion has been repeatedly challenged."
"the notion that birth-order significantly influences personality continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture."
"first-born and second-born are examples."
"has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality."