Economics

Supply and demand: The relationship between the availability of goods or services and the desire for them.

Market equilibrium: The point at which supply and demand intersect, determining the market price and quantity of a product or service.

Opportunity cost: The cost of missing out on an alternative opportunity when making a decision.

Marginal analysis: The study of a small increment of a decision to determine whether it is worth pursuing.

Economic incentives: Rewards or penalties that affect the behavior of economic actors, such as individuals, firms, or governments.

Production and consumption: How goods and services are produced and consumed in an economy.

Macroeconomics: The study of the big picture of an economy, such as growth, inflation, and unemployment.

Microeconomics: The study of how individuals and firms make decisions in a market.

Trade and globalization: The exchange of goods and services between countries and how it affects economic growth and development.

Economic systems: The different ways in which economies are organized, including free-market, command, and mixed economies.

Public policy and regulation: The role of governments in regulating market activity, such as environmental policy or antitrust laws.

Money and banking: The study of how money, credit, and financial institutions work in an economy.

Behavioral economics: The study of how social, cognitive, and emotional factors affect economic decision-making.

International trade: The study of trade between countries, including tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements.

Game theory: The study of how people make choices in strategic situations, such as negotiations or competitions.

Economic development: The study of how countries can improve their economic conditions, including through foreign aid, investment, and policy reforms.

Economic history: The study of the development of economies over time, including the industrial revolution, the Great Depression, and the post-WWII economic boom.

Resource allocation: The study of how resources are allocated in an economy, including why some goods and services are scarce while others are abundant.

Income distribution: The study of how income is distributed in a society, including the causes and consequences of income inequality.

Labor markets: The study of how workers and firms interact, including issues like unemployment, discrimination, and minimum wage laws.

Microeconomics: Studies the behavior of individual firms and households and how they interact in specific markets.

Macroeconomics: Analyzes the overall performance of an economy, including issues such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

International Economics: Focuses on the study of international trade and finance, including exchange rates, trade policies, and globalization.

Public Economics: Examines the role of government in the economy, including issues such as taxation, public goods, and welfare policies.

Environmental Economics: Deals with the study of the economic impact of environmental issues, including climate change, pollution, and resource depletion.

Agricultural Economics: Deals with the study of food production and distribution systems, prices, and policies.

Development Economics: Analyzes the economic development of countries and how they can effectively use their resources to achieve economic growth and development.

Financial Economics: Focuses on the study of financial markets and instruments, including the stock market, bonds, and securities.

Health Economics: Examines the economic factors that affect public health policies and healthcare systems, including access to healthcare and the cost of medical treatment.

Labor Economics: Studies the labor market, including issues such as wages, employment, and productivity.