"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
The way in which land is used in urban areas, including residential, commercial, industrial, and open spaces.
The theory of urbanization: The process of urbanization is examined to develop a theoretical understanding of the systemic forces and patterns that govern the growth of cities.
Geography of cities: Geographic analysis of urban land use and demographics, including urban planning and urban design.
Urban economics: The study of the economic factors driving urban development, including markets, housing, infrastructure, and labor.
Urban policy: The intersection of urban economics, urban planning, and urban politics, with particular emphasis on policy interventions.
Urban planning: The process of urban land use planning and management to create and maintain functional, sustainable, and livable communities.
Urban design: The formulation of physical urban spaces, including infrastructure, buildings, and public spaces.
Gentrification: The process of urban renewal, often involving the displacement of low-income residents by wealthier individuals or institutions.
Transportation and mobility: The movement of people, goods, and information within and through urban areas.
Environment and sustainability: The role of cities in environmental sustainability, including land use patterns, energy consumption, and natural resource management.
Social inequality and urban segregation: The ways in which race, class, and gender intersect in shaping urban communities and land use patterns, and the resulting social and economic disparities.
Urban culture and identity: The varied cultural expressions and identities that emerge from urban contexts, and the impact of these expressions on urban policy, planning, and design.
Urban health and well-being: The intersection of urban environments with health outcomes, including access to healthcare, nutrition, and exercise.
Conflict and urban violence: The ways in which urban land use patterns, social inequality, and cultural identity intersect with violence and conflict in urban settings.
Sustainable cities: The development of innovative models of urban sustainability to promote social, economic, and environmental health in urban areas.
Comparative urbanization: International comparisons of urbanization patterns, social and economic outcomes, and policy approaches across cities and regions.
Residential: Areas where people live, including single-family homes, apartments, and townhomes.
Commercial: Areas where businesses operate, including retail stores, offices, and shopping centers.
Industrial: Areas where manufacturing and production take place, including factories, warehouses, and distribution centers.
Institutional: Areas where public and private services are provided, including schools, hospitals, and government buildings.
Recreational: Areas where people go for leisure activities, including parks, sports facilities, and entertainment venues.
Transportation: Areas focused on movement, including roads, highways, and transit hubs.
Civic/Cultural: Areas focused on the arts and community engagement, including museums, libraries, and public spaces.
Mixed-use: Areas where multiple types of land use are combined within a single area, including residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.
Vacant land: Undeveloped land, including empty lots and abandoned buildings.
Agricultural: Areas where crops and livestock are raised, including farms and ranches.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."