Definition of Transnationalism

Globalization: The process of interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies, and cultures across borders. It serves as the foundation of transnationalism.

Internationalism: Covers changes in the international political economy, such as neoliberal restructuring and its effects on countries and societies.

Migration: Examines the nature and movements of people across national borders and the reasons behind these movements, including economic, social and political factors.

Citizenship and Identity: Focuses on the impact of transnationalism on citizenship and identity, exploring the meaning and function of national and transnational identities.

Diaspora: Refers to dispersed communities of people that share a common origin, culture, and experience of migration.

Global Governance: Analyzes policies and institutions that govern the relations between states and non-state actors and how they facilitate transnational connections.

Cultural Hybridity: Discusses the blending of cultural practices and symbols, which results from the interaction of different cultures across borders.

Fluidity of National Borders: Examines the concept of border fluidity in the context of transnationalism, revealing the ways in which borders have become less rigid.

Diaspora Communities' Engagement in Home Countries: Studies the ways in which diaspora communities engage with their country of origin and the impact of this engagement on the transnational circulation of resources, ideas, and social change.

Transnational Networks and Organizations: Focuses on the formation and function of transnational networks and organizations, which facilitate movements and transnational collaborations.

Economic Transnationalism: Refers to the movement of goods, services, capital, and technology across national borders. This type of transnationalism is driven by market forces, multinational corporations, and international trade agreements.

Political Transnationalism: Focuses on the influence of transnational actors and institutions on national politics. This includes the impact of international organizations, NGOs, and activist groups on the policies and decision-making of nation-states.

Cultural Transnationalism: Examines the diffusion of cultural practices, values, and ideas across national boundaries. This includes the spread of languages, cuisines, music, literature, and popular culture.

Social Transnationalism: Refers to the ways in which individuals and communities maintain and build relationships that transcend national borders. This includes transnational families, diaspora communities, and social media networks.

Environmental Transnationalism: Studies the global nature of environmental problems and the role of transnational cooperation in addressing them. This includes initiatives such as climate change agreements and transboundary conservation efforts.

Technological Transnationalism: Considers the global diffusion of technological innovations and their impact on social, economic, and political systems. This includes the spread of the internet and its impact on communication and commerce.

Legal Transnationalism: Studies the interaction of legal systems across borders and the emergence of transnational legal norms and institutions. This includes international law and the role of international courts and tribunals.

Security Transnationalism: Focuses on the global nature of security threats such as terrorism, cybercrime, and transnational organized crime. This includes international cooperation in addressing these threats and the impact of globalization on traditional notions of national security.