Quote: "Racism has been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices, and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of the United States against racial or ethnic groups."
The different types of discrimination based on race, including individual and institutional discrimination, and their effects on individuals and society.
Definition of Race: This topic deals with the definition of race and how it is used in society to stratify people based on physical characteristics.
History of Racial Discrimination: This topic covers the history of racial discrimination, how it started and developed over time, and how it affects different groups.
Types of Racial Discrimination: This topic covers the different types of racial discrimination such as institutional, interpersonal, and individual levels.
Stereotypes: This topic deals with the use of stereotypes in race-based discrimination and how they are perpetuated in society.
White Privilege: This topic covers the advantages that white people have in society, and how this privilege leads to systemic racial discrimination.
Systemic Racism: This topic discusses how institutional and structural racism exists in society and affects different groups.
Microaggressions: This topic covers the subtle, yet damaging, forms of racial discrimination that occur in everyday interactions.
Intersectionality: This topic covers how discrimination based on race intersects with discrimination based on gender, class, and other factors.
Implicit Bias: This topic discusses unconscious biases and how they affect behavior and decision making, leading to racial discrimination.
Anti-racism: This topic covers the ways in which individuals and institutions can work to combat racial discrimination, through education and activism.
Individual Racism: It refers to discriminatory attitudes and actions towards individuals based on their race or ethnicity.
Institutional Racism: It involves practices and policies that create and maintain unequal treatment or opportunities for different racial groups in organizations, institutions, and systems.
Systemic Racism: It is a complex and interconnected set of practices, policies, and social norms that result in unequal access to resources, opportunities, and outcomes for different racial groups.
Cultural Racism: It involves the promotion of and preference for the culture of one racial group over others, which may contribute to discrimination and prejudice against other cultures.
Colorism: It refers to discriminatory attitudes and practices based on skin tone or shade within and between racial groups.
Xenophobia: It is a fear or hatred of people from other countries or cultures.
National Origin Discrimination: It involves discriminatory treatment of individuals or groups based on their country of origin, ancestry, or national origin.
Racial Profiling: It is the use of race or ethnicity as a basis for suspicion or investigation by law enforcement or other authorities.
Environmental Racism: It refers to the disproportionate exposure of certain racial and ethnic groups to environmental hazards and pollution.
Linguistic Discrimination: It involves discriminatory treatment of individuals or groups based on their language or dialect.
Quote: "White Americans have generally enjoyed legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights, which have been denied to members of various ethnic or minority groups at various times."
Quote: "Before 1865, most African Americans were enslaved and even afterwards, they have faced severe restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms."
Quote: "Native Americans have suffered genocide, forced removals, and massacres, and they continue to face discrimination."
Quote: "Hispanics, Middle Eastern and Asian Americans along with Pacific Islanders have also been the victims of discrimination."
Quote: "Non-Protestant immigrants from Europe, particularly Jews, Poles, Italians, and the Irish were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination."
Quote: "Racism has manifested itself in a variety of ways, including genocide, slavery, lynchings, segregation, Native American reservations and boarding schools, racist immigration and naturalization laws, and internment camps."
Quote: "Formal racial discrimination was largely banned by the mid-20th century."
Quote: "Into the 21st century, research has uncovered extensive evidence of racial discrimination in various sectors of modern U.S. society, including the criminal justice system, business, the economy, housing, health care, the media, and politics."
Quote: "In the view of the United Nations and the U.S. Human Rights Network, 'discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life and extends to all communities of color.'"
Quote: "European Americans have enjoyed advantages in matters of education..."
Quote: "European Americans have enjoyed advantages in... immigration..."
Quote: "Native Americans have suffered genocide..."
Quote: "...racist immigration and naturalization laws..."
Quote: "Formal racial discrimination was largely banned... coming to be perceived as socially and morally unacceptable."
Quote: "research has uncovered extensive evidence of racial discrimination in... the criminal justice system..."
Quote: "research has uncovered extensive evidence of racial discrimination in various sectors of modern U.S. society, including... the economy, housing, health care, the media, and politics."
Quote: "discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life..."
Quote: "Non-Protestant immigrants from Europe, particularly... Jews, Poles, Italians, and the Irish were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion..."
Quote: "...and they continue to face discrimination." (Referring to Native Americans)