- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
The study of the concept of nationalism and its definition as a political, social, and cultural ideology centered on the idea of the nation and the desire for political and social independence.
History of Nationalism: This topic includes the origins and evolution of nationalism and the major events that contributed to its emergence as a political ideology.
Concept of Nationalism: This topic covers the definition of nationalism, its various forms, and the primary features that distinguish it from other political ideologies.
Types of Nationalism: This topic includes the different types of nationalism such as civic nationalism, ethnic nationalism, and cultural nationalism, along with their characteristics and subtypes.
Nationalism and Nation-building: This topic explores how nationalism fosters the creation and consolidation of nation-states and its role in political, economic, and cultural development.
Nationalism and International Relations: This topic covers the relationship between nationalism and international relations, including the impact of nationalism on foreign policy, war, and peace.
Nationalism and Identity: This topic explores how nationalism shapes individual and group identities and how it is linked to issues of race, ethnicity, language, religion, and culture.
Nationalism and Globalization: This topic includes the effects of globalization on nationalism and how globalization challenges or strengthens national identities.
Nationalism and Colonialism: This topic explores the connection between nationalism and colonialism, including the role of nationalist movements in anti-colonial struggles and the legacy of colonialism in national identities.
Nationalism and Regionalism: This topic covers the relationship between nationalism and regionalism, including the role of regional identities in national politics and the tensions between national and regional interests.
Nationalism and Political Ideologies: This topic explores the relationship between nationalism and other political ideologies, including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and fascism.
Nationalism and Gender: This topic includes how nationalism affects gender relations, including the construction of masculine and feminine identities, and the role of women in nationalist movements.
Nationalism and Memory: This topic explores how nationalism shapes our collective memory, including the use of history and symbols to create a sense of national identity.
Nationalism and Global Conflicts: This topic covers the role of nationalism in global conflicts and security issues, including terrorism, secessionist movements, and regional tensions.
Nationalism and Democracy: This topic explores the relationship between nationalism and democracy, including the tension between national sovereignty and individual rights and freedoms.
Nationalism and Human Rights: This topic includes the impact of nationalism on human rights, including issues related to minority rights, refugees, and migration.
Civic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is focused on a shared set of beliefs and values, which allows people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds to come together under a common identity. Civic nationalism is an inclusive form of nationalism that emphasizes the importance of democratic values, political freedom, and equal rights for all citizens.
Ethnic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the premise that all members of a nation share a common ethnicity, language, culture, and history. Ethnic nationalism can include exclusionary or discriminatory attitudes towards members of other ethnic groups, as it emphasizes the need for maintaining cultural purity and preserving traditions, which makes it a more exclusive form of nationalism.
Cultural Nationalism: This type of nationalism is focused on preserving and promoting a nation's unique cultural and artistic heritage. Cultural nationalists believe in celebrating and preserving their cultural identity, including language, arts, music, dance, and religious practices.
Integral Nationalism: Integral nationalism is an extreme form of nationalism that holds the belief that the nation is the highest and most important value, and that all aspects of individual life and culture should be subordinated to the nation. It elevates the state over individuals and seeks to regulate all aspects of society to ensure the unity and honor of the nation.
Liberal Nationalism: Liberal nationalism draws on civic nationalism and emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and political liberalism while maintaining a shared national identity.
Pan-Nationalism: This type of nationalism is focused on creating a larger, unified nation by bringing together smaller, disparate nations that share a common culture or heritage. Pan-nationalism can be seen as a way to expand the collective identity beyond ethnic, linguistic or geographical boundaries.
Post-colonial Nationalism: This type of nationalism is focused on the struggle for political and cultural sovereignty by the colonized or formerly colonized nations. It emphasizes the importance of self-rule and independence while rejecting the legacy of colonization and imperialism.
Regional Nationalism: Regional nationalism is focused on promoting and protecting the interests and rights of a particular region, often at the expense of other regions or the nation as a whole. It can be framed as a way to protect cultural and economic autonomy in the face of perceived centralization of power.
Revolutionary Nationalism: Revolutionary nationalism is a type of radical nationalism that seeks to overthrow the existing order and create a new nation based on radical ideological or political principles, such as Marxism, fascism, or anarchism.
Supra Nationalism: Supra-nationalism transcends nation-states, and emphasizes on the importance of global cooperation and integration. It is prevalent in the European Union, and its principle of "ever-closer union.".
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions, and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."
- Quote: "The two main divergent forms identified by scholars are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism."
- Quote: "Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the French Revolution and the spread of the principle of popular sovereignty or self-determination, the idea that 'the people' should rule is developed by political theorists."
- Quote: "This view has since been rejected by most scholars, and nations are now viewed as socially constructed and historically contingent."
- Quote: "Modernization theory... adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible."
- Quote: "Proponents of this theory describe nations as 'imagined communities' and nationalism as an 'invented tradition' in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity."
- Quote: "A third theory, ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of Anthony D. Smith."
- Quote: "The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and patriotism, and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are all subjects of philosophical debate."
- Quote: "Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as conservatism (national conservatism and right-wing populism) or socialism (left-wing nationalism)."
- Quote: "In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes."
- Quote: "Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements."
- Quote: "It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, and undermine human rights and democratic traditions."
- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: Primordialism (perennialism), Modernization theory, and Ethnosymbolism."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."