- "Border control comprises measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across land, air, and maritime borders."
Laws, regulations and other legal policies that govern immigration and migration process.
Immigration history and context: Understanding the broader context of U.S. immigration policy can be helpful for identifying trends and key events that have shaped the current state of affairs. This might include learning about major waves of migration, notable laws and court cases, and the political and economic factors that drive immigration.
Types of immigration: There are multiple types of immigration, including family-based, employment-based, and humanitarian-based. Understanding the differences between these categories can help you better understand how the immigration system works.
Visa categories: Within these immigration types, there are multiple visa categories that allow people to enter and stay in the United States. This includes student visas, work visas, and tourist visas. Each category has its own set of requirements and restrictions.
Undocumented immigration: Undocumented immigration is a contentious and often discussed topic. Understanding the challenges and risks that undocumented immigrants face, as well as the benefits they contribute to society, can help you better understand the complexity of immigration policy.
National origin and discrimination: Immigration policy has historically been marked by discrimination on the basis of national origin. Understanding the history of these policies and how they have affected specific communities can help shed light on current debates about immigration reform.
Executive orders and administrative actions: Presidents and other government officials can use executive orders and administrative actions to influence immigration policy. Understanding how these actions work and what their implications are can help you stay up-to-date on changes to immigration policy.
Paths to citizenship: Becoming a U.S. citizen is a complex and often drawn-out process. Understanding the various paths to citizenship, which may include naturalization, acquisition of citizenship through birth or parentage, and other means, can help you understand who is eligible for citizenship and what the requirements are.
Economic impacts of immigration: Immigration has both positive and negative economic impacts, and the evidence on the issue is often contested. Understanding the different ways in which immigration can affect the economy, including jobs, wages, and taxes, can help you better understand the reasons why some people oppose or support immigration.
State and local immigration policies: Alongside national policies, many states and localities have immigration policies of their own. Understanding these policies and how they may contribute to a patchwork system of immigration policy can be useful in understanding variations in immigration outcomes across different regions.
Emerging issues and debates: Finally, staying up-to-date on emerging issues and debates can help you understand the current state of immigration policy and where it might be headed in the future. These might include issues like border wall construction, refugee resettlement policies, and changes to visa policies.
Family Reunification: This policy allows for family members already residing in a country to sponsor their relatives for immigration purposes.
Economic Immigration: This policy is designed to select immigrants based on their economic contribution to the host country. It generally focuses on skilled workers, investors, entrepreneurs, or individuals qualified for particular jobs.
Humanitarian Immigration: This policy is designed to provide protection to individuals who are fleeing persecution, war, or other conflicts. It includes programs such as refugee resettlement, asylum, and temporary protected status.
Diversity Immigration: This policy allows for individuals from certain countries with low levels of immigration to obtain permanent residency in a host country via a lottery system.
Citizenship Immigration: This policy allows for foreign nationals to become permanent residents, and eventually citizens of a country, following a specific set of requirements and timelines.
Temporary Immigration: This policy allows for foreign nationals to reside in a country for a defined period, after which they must leave the country or obtain permanent residency.
Border Control: This policy involves the enforcement of immigration laws at a country's borders, such as tracking arrivals and departures, and determining who is allowed to enter and under what conditions.
Integration Immigration: This policy aims to facilitate the smooth integration of immigrants into their host countries and societies. It includes language training, education, and support for finding employment.
Security Immigration: This policy aims to protect national security by preventing terrorists, criminals, and other potentially dangerous individuals from entering a country.
Health and Safety Immigration: This policy aims at protecting public health and safety by implementing mandatory screening for communicable diseases and drug treatments before immigrants enter countries.
- "It also encompasses controls imposed on internal borders within a single state."
- "Border control measures serve a variety of purposes, ranging from enforcing customs, sanitary and phytosanitary, or biosecurity regulations to restricting migration."
- "While some borders (including most states' internal borders and international borders within the Schengen Area) are open and completely unguarded..."
- "...others (including the vast majority of borders between countries as well as some internal borders) are subject to some degree of control and may be crossed legally only at designated checkpoints."
- "Border controls in the 21st century are tightly intertwined with intricate systems of travel documents, visas, and increasingly complex policies that vary between countries."
- "Enforcing customs, sanitary and phytosanitary, or biosecurity regulations to restricting migration."
- "Internal borders within a single state" are subject to border control measures as well.
- Enforcing customs regulations is one purpose served by border control measures.
- "others (including the vast majority of borders between countries as well as some internal borders) are subject to some degree of control..."
- "While some borders (including most states' internal borders and international borders within the Schengen Area) are open and completely unguarded..."
- "Monitor and regulate the movement of...goods across... borders."
- "...intricate systems of travel documents, visas..."
- "...increasingly complex policies that vary between countries."
- "...restricting migration."
- Enforcing biosecurity regulations is one purpose served by border control measures.
- "Monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals..."
- "...across land, air, and maritime borders."
- "...may be crossed legally only at designated checkpoints."
- "international borders within the Schengen Area) are open and completely unguarded..."