"Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens."
The economic impact of immigration, both positive (increased labor force, innovative ideas, cultural diversity) and negative (competition in the job market, difficulty integrating, potential for lower wages).
Immigration Policy: The rules and regulations set by a government regarding the entry, stay, and exit of foreign nationals in and out of their countries.
Economic Impact of Immigration: The effects of immigration on a country's economy, including its labor market, wages, growth, trade, tax revenue, and public finances.
Push and Pull Factors: The reasons why people migrate, such as economic opportunities, political instability, conflict, family reunification, or environmental conditions.
Labor Market Theory: The analysis of supply and demand for labor in a given market, including the effects of immigration on wages, employment, and productivity.
Human Capital Theory: The idea that education, skills, and experience are valuable assets that can improve an immigrant's chances of finding a job and contributing to the economy.
Brain Drain: The phenomenon of highly skilled immigrants leaving their countries of origin to seek better opportunities in other countries, leading to a loss of talent and expertise in their home country.
Remittances: The money that immigrants send back to their families or communities in their countries of origin, which can affect both the receiving and sending countries' economies.
Social and Cultural Impacts of Immigration: The effects of immigration on the social structures, values, and norms of a society, including multiculturalism, assimilation, and identity.
Migration Policies and Public Opinion: The role of political and public attitudes toward immigration policy, including public opinion polls, interest group lobbying, media campaigns, and electoral outcomes.
Regional and Global Perspectives on Immigration: The comparative analysis of immigration policies and systems between different regions of the world, and the global governance of immigration by international organizations, such as the UN, the EU, or the IOM.
Skilled Immigration: This refers to the immigration of individuals who possess specialized skills, knowledge, or qualifications that are in demand in a particular country.
Family Immigration: This type of immigration is based on family ties, such as marriage, sponsorship of a relative, or adoption.
Investor Immigration: This type of immigration is based on providing investment in a country's economy, typically in the form of capital investment, job creation, or financing of a project.
Student Immigration: This type of immigration involves students coming to a country for study purposes or higher education such as post-graduation.
Refugee Immigration: This type of immigration is based on individuals seeking asylum due to persecution or danger in their home country.
Illegal Immigration: This refers to individuals who enter a country without proper authorization or documentation, or overstay their visa.
Seasonal Immigration: This refers to immigration for the purpose of seasonal labor or work visa, like migrant laborers, seasonal hospitality workers and international internships.
Entrepreneur Immigration: This type of immigration is based on the establishment of a business in a country's economy, typically with the intent to provide job opportunities, goods and services, and product innovations.
Family Sponsored Immigration: This refers to the process of individuals from overseas seeking to join their family who are already residing in the country.
Humanitarian Immigration: This type of immigration is based on providing assistance to those in need, including victims of natural disasters, war, or other crises.
"Research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving and sending countries."
"Research, with few exceptions, finds that immigration on average has positive economic effects on the native population."
"Research is mixed as to whether low-skilled immigration adversely affects underprivileged natives."
"Studies show that the elimination of barriers to migration would have profound effects on world GDP, with estimates of gains ranging between 67 and 147 percent for the scenarios in which 37 to 53 percent of the developing countries' workers migrate to the developed countries."
"Development economists argue that reducing barriers to labor mobility between developing countries and developed countries would be one of the most efficient tools of poverty reduction."
"Positive net immigration can soften the demographic dilemma in the aging global North."
"The academic literature provides mixed findings for the relationship between immigration and crime worldwide."
"Research shows that immigration either has no impact on the crime rate or that it reduces the crime rate."
"Research shows that country of origin matters for speed and depth of immigrant assimilation."
"There is considerable assimilation overall for both first- and second-generation immigrants."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in criminal justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, media, and politics in the United States and Europe."
"Commuters, tourists, and other short-term stays in a destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration."
"Seasonal labor immigration is sometimes included [in the definition of immigration], however."
"Reducing barriers to labor mobility between developing countries and developed countries would be one of the most efficient tools of poverty reduction."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in... housing."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in... healthcare."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in... business, the economy."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in... politics in the United States and Europe."
"Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in... the media."