"A transgender person is someone whose gender identity is inconsistent or not culturally associated with the sex they were assigned at birth and also with the gender role that is associated with that sex."
The laws and policies that protect or discriminate against individuals based on their gender identity.
Gender identity: The personal sense of one's own gender, which may or may not align with the sex assigned at birth.
Transgender: A term used to describe individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
Non-binary: A term used to describe individuals who do not identify as solely male or female.
Intersex: A term used to describe individuals born with physical sex characteristics that do not fit typical male or female categories.
Discrimination: Unfair treatment or unfavorable actions taken against individuals based on their gender identity or expression.
Employment rights: Protections granted to individuals to prevent discrimination in the workplace based on their gender identity or expression.
Education rights: Protections granted to individuals to prevent discrimination in educational institutions based on their gender identity or expression.
Housing rights: Protections granted to individuals to prevent discrimination in housing based on their gender identity or expression.
Healthcare rights: Protections granted to individuals to ensure equal access to healthcare services regardless of their gender identity or expression.
Legal recognition: The process of obtaining legal recognition of one's gender identity through governmental procedures such as name changes, gender marker changes, and identification documentation.
Hate crimes: Criminal offenses committed against individuals based on their gender identity or expression.
Parental rights: Protections granted to individuals who are transgender or non-binary to ensure that they are not discriminated against in adoption or custody proceedings.
Violence against transgender and gender non-conforming individuals: The disproportionately high incidence of violence against transgender and gender non-conforming individuals, including hate crimes and murder.
Federal and state laws: The laws and statutes that protect individuals from discrimination based on their gender identity or expression, as well as laws and regulations governing legal recognition of gender identity.
"Some transsexual people reject being labeled transgender."
"Globally, most legal jurisdictions recognize the two traditional gender identities and social roles, man and woman."
"There are some countries which recognize, by law, a third gender. That third gender is often associated with being nonbinary."
"Terms such as transgender people, trans men, and trans women, and non-binary are replacing the category of transsexual people."
"Many of the issues regarding transgender rights are generally considered a part of family law, especially the issues of marriage and the question of a transgender person benefiting from a partner's insurance or social security."
"The degree of legal recognition provided to transgender people varies widely throughout the world."
"In many countries, some of these modifications [gender-affirming surgery or hormonal means] are required for legal recognition."
"In some jurisdictions, transgender people (who are considered non-transsexual) can benefit from the legal recognition given to transsexual people."
"In some countries, an explicit medical diagnosis of 'transsexualism' is (at least formally) necessary."
"A diagnosis of 'gender dysphoria', or simply the fact that one has established a non-conforming gender role, can be sufficient for some or all of the legal recognition available."
"The DSM-5 recognizes gender dysphoria as an official diagnosis."
"Not all transgender or transsexual people feel gender dysphoria or gender incongruence."
"In a few [countries], the legal aspects are directly tied to health care; i.e. the same bodies or doctors decide whether a person can move forward in their treatment and the subsequent processes automatically incorporate both matters."
"In others, these medical procedures are illegal."
"Many countries now legally recognize sex reassignments by permitting a change of legal gender on an individual's birth certificate."
"The legal status of such healthcare varies."
"In many countries, a diagnosis is required for legal recognition, if transgender people are legally recognized at all."
"In many cases, transgender individuals face discrimination in employment, housing, healthcare, and other areas of life."
"There is now a greater understanding of the breadth of variation outside the typical categories of 'man' and 'woman', and many self-descriptions are now entering the literature, including pangender, genderqueer, polygender, and agender." Note: Due to the limited availability of quotes in the provided paragraph to answer all twenty study questions, some answers may be repeated or left unanswered.