"Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender."
The personal sense of one's own gender, including identification as male, female, a blend of both, or neither.
Biological sex: The physical traits and characteristics one is born with that are typically categorized as male or female.
Gender expression: The way individuals present themselves in terms of clothing, demeanor, and behaviour, which may be associated with masculine or feminine traits.
Gender identity: An individual's internal sense of being male, female, or somewhere along a spectrum between these two binary categories, which may or may not align with their biological sex.
Transgender: Individuals whose gender identity does not align with their biological sex, and who may undergo gender-affirming medical or surgical procedures to affirm their gender identity.
Gender dysphoria: The distress often experienced by individuals whose gender identity is not aligned with their biological sex, or whose gender expression is not accepted by society.
Non-binary: An umbrella term for individuals who do not identify as exclusively male or female, and may identify as both, neither or a combination of gender identities.
Intersex: Individuals born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical male or female categories, such as having ambiguous genitalia or reproductive organs.
Gender roles: The socially constructed expectations for how individuals of different genders should behave, dress, and interact in society.
Gender discrimination: Unequal treatment or opportunities based on an individual's gender, including unfair hiring practices and disparities in pay.
Intersectionality: The recognition that individuals may face multiple forms of discrimination or disadvantage based on their race, sexuality, disability, or other factors in addition to their gender identity.
Transphobia: The prejudice or discrimination against individuals who are transgender, including violence, harassment, and denial of rights.
Allyship: The act of standing in support of and advocating for individuals who are marginalized or discriminated against based on their gender identity or expression.
"Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it."
"While a person may express behaviors, attitudes, and appearances consistent with a particular gender role, such expression may not necessarily reflect their gender identity."
"The term gender identity was coined by psychiatry professor Robert J. Stoller in 1964."
"The gender binary refers to a basic division between gender attributes assigned to males and females in most societies."
"Some of those people may call themselves transgender, gender non-binary, genderqueer, gender expansive, or something else."
"Some societies have third gender categories."
"Gender identity develops surprisingly rapidly in the early childhood years, and in the majority of instances appears to become at least partially irreversible by the age of 3 or 4."
"Considerable scientific evidence has emerged demonstrating a durable biological element underlying gender identity."
"There do not seem to be external forces that genuinely cause individuals to change gender identity."
"Essentialists argue that gender identity is determined at birth by biological and genetic factors."
"Social constructivists argue that gender identity and the way it is expressed are socially constructed, instead determined by cultural and social influences."
"The term gender identity was...popularized by the controversial psychologist John Money."
"The gender binary includes expectations of masculinity and femininity in all aspects of sex and gender: biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation."
"In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent, and consistent with the individual's gender identity."
"With exceptions, 'Gender identity develops surprisingly rapidly in the early childhood years.'"
"Individuals may make choices due to other factors in their lives, but there do not seem to be external forces that genuinely cause individuals to change gender identity."
"Gender identity and the way it is expressed are socially constructed, instead determined by cultural and social influences."
"Individuals may make choices due to other factors in their lives."
"Gender identity...appears to become at least partially irreversible by the age of 3 or 4."