"Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity."
The social and cultural meanings attached to being male or female.
Biological sex: The determination of sex at birth based on physical characteristics like genitalia, hormones, and chromosomes.
Gender identity: An individual's sense of themselves as male or female, or something that doesn't fit into the traditional binary model.
Gender expression: The way a person presents themselves to the world through clothing, speech, or behavior.
Gender roles: The societal expectations, norms, and attitudes associated with gender.
Patriarchy: A social system in which men hold primary power and control over women.
Gender and sexuality: How sexuality can be connected or disconnected from gender identity and expression.
Transgender: A person whose gender identity differs from their birth sex.
Intersex: Individuals born with ambiguous genitalia or sex characteristics that don't fit the traditional male/female binary.
Queer theory: A field of study that seeks to understand power dynamics related to sexuality and gender identity.
Feminism: Political, social, and economic movements that strive for equal rights and opportunities for women.
Masculinity: The set of roles, behaviors, and attitudes traditionally associated with men.
Intersectionality: The interconnected nature of social categories like race, gender, and sexuality, and how they contribute to intersecting forms of social inequality.
Heteronormativity: The assumption that heterosexuality is the only normal or natural sexual orientation.
Gender and language: How language can reinforce and perpetuate gender norms and stereotypes.
LGBTQ+ history: The history of LGBTQ+ communities, including the Stonewall Riots, the AIDS epidemic, and the fight for marriage equality.
Gender-based violence: Violence that is perpetrated based on gender, including sexual harassment, assault, and domestic violence.
Feminine hygiene: The practices and products used for menstrual and vaginal health.
Body positivity: A movement that challenges the societal expectations of beauty and body size.
Global feminism: The study of feminist movements and activism around the world, including challenges faced by women in different cultures and societies.
Social construction of gender: How gender is created and maintained by social norms, practices, and institutions.
Male: Typically refers to someone who identifies as a man or presents themselves as masculine.
Female: Typically refers to someone who identifies as a woman or presents themselves as feminine.
Non-binary: Refers to individuals who do not identify exclusively as male or female, or who identify as a mix of genders or neither gender at all.
Genderfluid: Refers to individuals who experience shifts in their gender identity over time, or who feel that their gender identity doesn't stay fixed.
Agender: Refers to individuals who do not identify with any gender.
Two-Spirit: A term often used in Native American cultures to describe someone who identifies as having both male and female spirits.
Bigender: Refers to individuals who identify with two genders at the same time.
Androgynous: Individuals who identify with a gender that is a mix of masculine and feminine traits or who do not have a strong gender identity.
Demigender: Individuals who only partially identify with a particular gender.
"Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other (boys/men and girls/women)"
"Those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary."
"Some societies have specific genders besides 'man' and 'woman', such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders."
"Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization."
"In the mid-20th century, a terminological distinction in modern English (known as the sex and gender distinction) between biological sex and gender began to develop."
"Psychology, sexology, and feminism contributed to the development of the sex and gender distinction."
"Feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender."
"Most contemporary social scientists in western countries, behavioral scientists and biologists, many legal systems and government bodies, and intergovernmental agencies such as the WHO make a distinction between gender and sex."
"The social sciences have a branch devoted to gender studies."
"Psychology, sociology, sexology, and neuroscience are interested in the subject."
"The social sciences sometimes approach gender as a social construct, and gender studies particularly do."
"Research in the natural sciences investigates whether biological differences in females and males influence the development of gender in humans."
"Biopsychosocial approaches to gender include biological, psychological, and social/cultural aspects."
"Before the mid-20th century, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories."
"Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization."
"Some societies have specific genders besides 'man' and 'woman', such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders."
"Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity."
"Psychology, sociology, sexology, and neuroscience are interested in the subject."
"Feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender."