- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
A review of examples of nationalist movements, such as independence movements, separatist movements, and political parties, as well as their historical and contemporary context.
Nationalism: The belief or ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation, its people, and its culture as a central organizing principle in politics and society.
Ethnicity: A social construct that emphasizes common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics shared by groups of people.
State and Nation Building: The process of creating a new nation-state or consolidating an existing one, typically through political, economic, and social institutions.
Identity: A set of personal, social, and cultural characteristics that define who a person is and how they see themselves.
Cultural Nationalism: A form of nationalism that emphasizes the importance of preserving and promoting the distinctive culture and heritage of a particular nation or ethnic group.
Civic Nationalism: A form of nationalism that emphasizes the importance of shared values, institutions, and citizenship rather than culture and ethnicity.
Self-determination: The right of a people or nation to determine their own political status and form of government.
Colonialism: The practice of acquiring and maintaining political control over a territory outside one's own boundaries, typically through military, economic, and cultural means.
Nationalism and Conflict: The link between nationalism and violent conflict, ethnic tensions, and civil wars.
Nationalism and Globalization: The impact of globalization on nationalism, including challenges to the nation-state, the rise of transnational identities, and the globalization of culture.
Nationalism and Gender: The intersection of nationalism and gender, including the role of women in nationalist movements and the ways in which nationalism can reinforce patriarchal structures.
Nationalism and Language: The importance of language as a marker of national identity, the ways in which language policies can be used to promote or suppress national identity, and the linguistic diversity of nationalist movements.
Minorities and Nationalism: The role of minority groups in nationalist movements, including tensions between ethnic majorities and minorities, and the proliferation of minority nationalist movements.
Nationalism and Immigration: The impact of immigration on nationalism, including debates over citizenship, border control, and multiculturalism.
Nationalism and Memory: The role of history and memory in nationalist movements, including the creation of national narratives, the use of historical symbols and myths, and the commemoration of national events.
Ethnic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on common ethnic and cultural bonds between people, often manifested through shared language, religion, or history.
Civic Nationalism: Unlike ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism emphasizes shared political values such as democracy, freedom, and equality regardless of ethnicity or cultural background.
Pan-Nationalism: This type of nationalism seeks to unite people across multiple nations or ethnicities based on a shared identity or cause, often placing greater importance on the collective than the individual nation.
Religious Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on religious affiliation or belief, often seeking to establish a religious state or to prioritize one's religious identity above all others.
Anti-Colonial Nationalism: This form of nationalism is based on the rejection of colonialism and the desire for independence and self-determination for colonized peoples.
Revolutionary Nationalism: This type of nationalism is often characterized by violence against the existing political and social order in the pursuit of nationalistic goals.
Secessionist Nationalism: This type of nationalism seeks to create a new nation by separating a region or group from an existing nation-state.
Territorial Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the shared territory of a group of people, often seeking to expand or defend that territory for the benefit of the nation.
Decolonial Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on challenging the legacy of colonialism by promoting decolonization, reparations, and reconciliation.
Regional Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the political and cultural interests of a particular region within a larger nation-state.
Gender Nationalism: Gender nationalism is a form of nationalism that emphasizes the role of women in national identity and frames them as the "mothers of the nation.".
Ecological Nationalism: This type of nationalism emphasizes the importance of environmental protection and conservation, often with a focus on preserving the natural resources of a particular geographic region.
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions, and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."
- Quote: "The two main divergent forms identified by scholars are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism."
- Quote: "Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the French Revolution and the spread of the principle of popular sovereignty or self-determination, the idea that 'the people' should rule is developed by political theorists."
- Quote: "This view has since been rejected by most scholars, and nations are now viewed as socially constructed and historically contingent."
- Quote: "Modernization theory... adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible."
- Quote: "Proponents of this theory describe nations as 'imagined communities' and nationalism as an 'invented tradition' in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity."
- Quote: "A third theory, ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of Anthony D. Smith."
- Quote: "The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and patriotism, and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are all subjects of philosophical debate."
- Quote: "Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as conservatism (national conservatism and right-wing populism) or socialism (left-wing nationalism)."
- Quote: "In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes."
- Quote: "Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements."
- Quote: "It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, and undermine human rights and democratic traditions."
- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: Primordialism (perennialism), Modernization theory, and Ethnosymbolism."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."