"An ethnicity or ethnic group is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups."
This topic differentiates between race and ethnicity and explores their complex interrelationships and socio-political significance.
Race and ethnicity: Introduction to the key concepts that underpin the study of race and ethnicity.
Racial formation theory: Understanding how race is constructed and the various ways in which it can change over time.
Social construction of race: An exploration of how race is produced and maintained through social processes.
Ethnicity and identity: The role of ethnicity in constructing individual and group identities.
Prejudice and discrimination: The psychological and social components of prejudice and discrimination and how they affect individuals and groups.
Institutional racism: Examining how race and ethnicity intersect with systemic discrimination in organizations and institutions.
Immigration and migration: The processes of migration, settlement, and adaptation among different ethnic groups.
Colonialism and post-colonialism: The legacy of colonialism, and the political, economic, and social implications of post-colonial society.
Multiculturalism and intercultural communication: Cross-cultural communication skills and practices for navigating diverse ethnic identities and cultural backgrounds.
Racial and ethnic disparities in health: Understanding how race and ethnicity can be a factor in health outcomes and access to care.
Race and ethnicity in media: Analyzing how the media portrays race and ethnicity, as well as the potential impact of these portrayals on society.
Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, and other social categories: How factors such as gender, age, class, religion, and sexual orientation intersect with race and ethnicity to create complex social identities.
Privilege and oppression: Examining the imbalances of privilege and oppression that arise from the intersection of different social identities.
Critical race theory: A theoretical approach that explores the intersection of race and power, and the role of law and policy in perpetuating or disrupting systemic racism.
Anti-racism and allyship: How to become an ally in the fight against racism and promote anti-racist policies and practices.
Racism and cultural appropriation: Understanding the difference between cultural appreciation and appropriation, and how the latter can reinforce racist attitudes and stereotypes.
Caucasoid/White: These are people with European, Middle Eastern, and North African ancestry. They are characterized by fair skin, light hair, and distinctive facial features.
Negroid/Black: This refers to people of Sub-Saharan African descent. They are characterized by dark skin, curly hair, and broad noses.
Mongoloid/Asian: This refers to people of East, Southeast, and South Asian descent. They are characterized by distinctive facial features, such as narrow eyes, and pale or yellowish skin.
Native American/Alaskan Native: This refers to people who are indigenous to North and South America, including Alaska. They are characterized by distinct physical features, such as high cheekbones, and varying skin tones.
Hispanic/Latino: This refers to people who trace their heritage to Latin America or Spain. They often have mixed ancestry and can be of any race or ethnic group.
Pacific Islander: This refers to people who are indigenous to various islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are characterized by diverse physical features, such as dark skin and curly hair.
Middle Eastern: This refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Middle East, which includes countries such as Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Lebanon. They are characterized by diverse physical features, such as olive skin, dark hair, and distinctive facial features.
Multiracial: This refers to people who have parents or ancestors from different racial or ethnic groups, causing them to have a mixed heritage or appearance.
Other: This refers to people who may not fit into any of the above categories or prefer not to identify with any racial or ethnic group.
"Those attributes can include a common nation of origin, or common sets of ancestry, traditions, language, history, society, religion, or social treatment."
"Ethnicity may be construed as an inherited or societally imposed construct."
"Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
"By way of language shift, acculturation, adoption, and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another."
"Whether through division or amalgamation, the formation of a separate ethnic identity is referred to as ethnogenesis."
"Earlier 20th-century "Primordialists" viewed ethnic groups as real phenomena whose distinct characteristics have endured since the distant past. Perspectives that developed after the 1960s increasingly viewed ethnic groups as social constructs, with identity assigned by societal rules."
"The term ethnicity is often used interchangeably with the term nation, particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism."
"Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves."
"Conversely, formerly separate ethnicities can merge to form a pan-ethnicity and may eventually merge into one single ethnicity."
"Ethnic groups may share a narrow or broad spectrum of genetic ancestry, depending on group identification, with many groups having mixed genetic ancestry."
"Whether through division or amalgamation, the formation of a separate ethnic identity is referred to as ethnogenesis."
"Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
"An ethnicity or ethnic group is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups."
"Perspectives that developed after the 1960s increasingly viewed ethnic groups as social constructs, with identity assigned by societal rules."
"Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
"Ethnic membership tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, dialect, religion, mythology, folklore, ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance."
"By way of language shift, acculturation, adoption, and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another."
"Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tribes, which over time may become separate ethnic groups themselves due to endogamy or physical isolation from the parent group."
"Conversely, formerly separate ethnicities can merge to form a pan-ethnicity and may eventually merge into one single ethnicity."