"Critical race theory (CRT) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing how laws, social and political movements, and media shape, and are shaped by, social conceptions of race and ethnicity."
This subfield focuses on representations of race, racism, and racial identity in popular culture, media, and arts, and how they reflect, challenge, or reinforce dominant ideological and social norms.
History of Cultural Studies: A study of how Cultural Studies emerged as a field of study and its evolution.
Critical Race Theory: An exploration of the role that race, racism and power play in society, politics and culture.
Post-Colonialism: An analysis of the impact of European colonization on non-western cultures and how they respond to it.
Feminism: A critical analysis of gender and sexual orientation in culture, politics and social relations.
Identity and Representation: A study of how identity is constructed and represented through various cultural forms (such as books, movies, music etc.).
Power and Hegemony: An analysis of the structures of power and how it influences cultural practices and norms.
Nationalism and Globalization: An exploration of the impact of global forces on culture and how it affects national identity.
Consumer Culture: A study of consumerism as a cultural phenomenon and its impact on society and individual identity.
Popular Culture: An exploration of how popular cultural forms such as music, film, television and advertising influence our understanding of ourselves and our world.
Intersectionality: A critical approach that examines the ways in which different forms of oppression intersect and interact with one another to produce complex social inequalities.
Feminist Cultural Studies: A critical approach that focuses on the intersection of gender, sexuality, and power in culture and society.
Postcolonial Cultural Studies: A critical approach that focuses on the impact of colonialism, imperialism, and globalization on culture and society.
Queer Cultural Studies: A critical approach that focuses on the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, and culture in contemporary society.
Disability Cultural Studies: A critical approach that focuses on the ways in which disability is represented in culture and society, and the impact of ableism on disabled people.
Critical Race Theory: A critical approach that focuses on the ways in which race and racism intersect with other forms of oppression in culture and society.
Environmental Cultural Studies: A critical approach that focuses on the complex relationships between humans, nature, and culture, and the impact of environmental issues on culture and society.
"CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, and not only based on individuals' prejudices."
"The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical thinking, critical theory, and scholarly criticism, rather than criticizing or blaming individuals."
"CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a 'lens' focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism."
"A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability."
"For example, the CRT conceptual framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States."
"Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis."
"One tenet of CRT is that racism and disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals."
"CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as 'neutral' plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order."
"CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated."
"CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams."
"CRT draws from the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s."
"Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism."
"Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the instruction of CRT education in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies."
"Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of... having the goal to broadly silence discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the passage, not every question may have an explicit quote matching it exactly. However, the selected quotes provide relevant information related to the study questions.