"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
The interconnectedness of different forms of oppression based on gender, sexuality, class, and other factors.
Intersectionality Theory: The study of how multiple social identities: Such as race, gender, sexuality, and class - interact and intersect to create unique experiences of discrimination and oppression.
Power and Privilege: The recognition and analysis of systems of power and privilege that advantage certain groups and disadvantage others.
Social Constructs: The understanding that many aspects of identity, such as race and gender, are not biologically determined, but rather socially constructed and shaped by cultural and historical factors.
History of Oppression: The historical context of oppression and marginalization experienced by various groups, including Black people, Indigenous peoples, LGBTQIA communities, women, people with disabilities, and immigrants.
Discrimination: The identification and analysis of various forms of discrimination, including racial, gender, and sexual discrimination, along with ageism, ableism, and other discriminatory practices.
Intersectional Activism: The role of activism and social movements in advancing intersectional perspectives, promoting social justice, and creating meaningful change.
Institutional Discrimination: The practices and policies of institutions that create and reinforce systemic oppression, including discriminatory laws, institutional racism, and other forms of institutional oppression.
Cultural Appropriation: The practice of taking elements from a marginalized culture and using them outside their original context, often without proper acknowledgement or respect for the culture.
Intersectionality and Representation: The role of media and popular culture in shaping the ways in which we understand and represent various identities, and how this can contribute to or challenge forms of oppression.
Allyship and Solidarity: A perspective that emphasizes the need for individuals and groups to work together to combat systemic oppression, regardless of whether they belong to the affected group.
Race-Class Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between race, ethnicity, and social class.
Gender-Race Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between gender and race.
Queer Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between sexuality or sexual orientation with other identities.
Disability Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between ability, disability and other identity markers.
Environmental Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between environmental injustices and social identities.
Transnational Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between national and transnational movements that further the objective of social justice.
Critical Race Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between law, politics, and the experiences of marginalized groups.
Postcolonial Intersectionality: It studies the intersection between colonialism, imperialism, and contemporary forms of oppression.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."