" Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal."
The management of waste streams, from generation to disposal, including recycling, reusing, and reducing.
Landfills: A landfill is a designated location for the disposal of waste materials. The aim of the landfill is to contain waste in an environmentally friendly way, ensuring that waste doesn't cause harm to the environment or public health.
Recycling: Recycling is a process whereby discarded materials are collected, sorted, processed, and then used again as raw materials. The objective of recycling is to minimize the amount of waste that ends up in a landfill and to conserve resources.
Waste Reduction: Waste reduction practices aim to decrease the amount of waste that is generated. By reducing waste, less material goes into landfills, which conserves resources and benefits the environment.
Waste-to-Energy: Waste-to-energy involves the combustion of waste to generate electricity. This method is used to reduce the volume of waste in landfills and produce electricity by converting the chemical energy stored in waste.
Composting: Composting is a process where organic matter is decomposed and turned into nutrient-rich soil. This is an environmentally friendly way of disposing of waste and is also used in agriculture as a form of soil enrichment.
Hazardous Waste Management: Hazardous waste is waste that poses a threat to public safety or the environment. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste is strictly regulated by federal and state governments to prevent harm to the environment and public health.
"Waste can be solid, liquid, or gases and each type has different methods of disposal and management."
"Health issues are associated with the entire process of waste management...directly through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil, and food."
"The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the environment and human health."
"A report found that effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets."
"A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW), which is the bulk of the waste created by household, industrial, and commercial activity."
"According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), municipal solid waste is expected to reach approximately 3.4 Gt by 2050..."
"Electronic waste (e-waste) includes discarded computer monitors, motherboards, mobile phones, and chargers...India generates ~ 2 million tonnes (Mte) of e-waste annually and ranks fifth among the e-waste producing countries."
"Effective 'Waste Management' involves the practice of '7R' - 'Refuse, 'Reduce', 'Reuse, 'Repair', 'Repurpose', 'Recycle', and 'Recover'."
"The first two ('Refuse' and 'Reduce') relates to the non-creation of waste - by refusing to buy non-essential products and by reducing consumption."
"'Reuse' refers to increasing the usage of the existing product, with or without the substitution of certain parts of the product."
"'Repurpose' and 'Recycle' involves maximum usage of the materials used in the product."
"'Recover' is the least preferred and least efficient waste management practice involving the recovery of embedded energy in the waste material."
"Certain non-biodegradable products are also dumped away as 'Disposal', and this is not a 'waste-management' practice."
"Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and livable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities."
"Measures of waste management include measures for integrated techno-economic mechanisms of a circular economy, effective disposal facilities, export and import control, and optimal sustainable design of products."
"Authors concluded that about a fourth of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste is not collected and an additional fourth is mismanaged after collection...due to the absence of 'substantial research funding'."
"The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management, and its impact on human health and life..."
"Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and livable cities..."
"A report found that effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets."