"Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment and the solution of environmental problems."
Studies the interactions between humans and the environment, aiming to identify ways of minimizing negative impacts and promoting sustainable development.
Ecosystems: The complex relationships between living organisms and their environment.
Biodiversity: The variety of life on earth and how to preserve it.
Renewable energy sources: Alternatives to fossil fuels, such as solar and wind power.
Climate change: The global phenomenon caused by human activities and its impacts on the environment.
Pollution: The harmful substances and waste products that affect air, water and soil quality.
Sustainable agriculture: The methods of farming that minimize environmental impact and ensure food security.
Water management: The conservation, treatment and distribution of water for human and ecosystem use.
Environmental policy and legislation: The laws and regulations that aim to protect the environment and promote sustainability.
Environmental economics: The study of the intersection between economic systems and the environment.
Ecotourism: Responsible travel to natural areas that preserves the environment and benefits local communities.
Sustainable transportation: Efficient and eco-friendly ways of moving people and goods, such as public transit and cycling.
Waste management: The strategies for reducing, reusing, recycling and disposing of waste in a sustainable manner.
Urban planning: The design and development of cities and towns that support sustainability and livability.
Environmental education: Learning about environmental issues and practices to promote sustainability and awareness.
Corporate sustainability: The measures taken by businesses to reduce their environmental impact and promote social responsibility.
Ecology: The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment and among each other.
Conservation biology: The study of the preservation, restoration, and management of wildlife and their habitats.
Environmental chemistry: The study of the chemical substances present in the environment and their impact on living organisms.
Environmental geology: The study of the interaction between the earth's surface and the environment, including land use planning, mineral and water resources, and natural hazards.
Environmental sociology: The study of the social and cultural factors that influence the relationship between humans and the environment.
Environmental economics: The study of the economic aspects of environmental issues, including cost-benefit analysis, market failures, and valuation of natural resources.
Environmental policy: The study of the legal, political, and social frameworks for decision making and action on environmental issues.
Environmental engineering: The application of engineering principles to design and develop solutions to environmental problems.
Renewable energy: The study of sustainable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal.
Green chemistry: The design and development of chemical processes and products that minimize environmental impact.
Climate science: The study of climate patterns, variability, and change, and their impact on the environment and society.
Environmental microbiology: The study of the interactions between microorganisms and the environment.
Sustainable agriculture: The study of sustainable production methods for food and fiber, including crop rotation, soil conservation, and integrated pest management.
Environmental education: The study of the educational programs and practices that promote environmental awareness, knowledge, and action.
Urban ecology: The study of the ecological processes and dynamics in urban environments.
Environmental health: The study of the impact of environmental factors on human health.
Ecotoxicology: The study of the effects of pollutants on ecosystems and their components.
Natural resource management: The study of the sustainable management of natural resources such as forests, water, and wildlife.
Environmental psychology: The study of the psychological processes that influence environmental attitudes, behavior, and decision making.
Environmental monitoring: The study of the methods and tools for monitoring environmental parameters and detecting environmental changes.
"Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment."
"Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems."
"Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment."
"Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect."
"Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes."
"Environmental scientists study issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change."
"Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes."
"Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems."
"Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis."
"Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s."
"The development of environmental science was driven by the need for a multi-disciplinary approach, the arrival of substantive environmental laws, and growing public awareness of a need for action."
"Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, 'catching fire'."
"The publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring...helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study."
"Major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, 'catching fire'."
"Environmental science integrates physics, biology, and geography...to the study of the environment and the solution of environmental problems."
"Environmental studies incorporate more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment."
"Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect."
"Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes."
"The growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems."