" Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal."
The process of collecting, disposing, and recycling waste materials, including hazardous materials, in a safe, effective, and environmentally responsible manner.
Waste generation: This covers the sources and types of waste, including residential, industrial, and medical waste.
Waste collection: This includes the methods and systems used to collect waste, such as curbside pickup, recycling programs, and hazardous waste collection.
Waste transfer: This involves the transportation of waste from collection sites to treatment or disposal facilities.
Waste treatment: This covers the various methods used to treat waste, including incineration, composting, and biological treatment.
Landfills: This is the most common method of waste disposal and includes the construction, operation, and management of landfill facilities.
Hazardous waste: This includes the proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste materials, such as chemicals, batteries, and electronic waste.
Recycling: This covers the process of converting waste materials into new products and includes the collection, sorting, and processing of recyclables.
E-waste management: This deals with the proper disposal of electronic waste, including computers, televisions, and other electronic devices.
Plastic waste management: This covers the proper disposal and management of plastic waste, including plastic bags, bottles, and containers.
Waste reduction: This involves strategies to minimize waste generation in the first place through reuse, reduction, and recycling.
Environmental regulations: This includes the laws and regulations that govern waste management practices, including waste disposal, emissions, and pollution control.
Carbon footprint: This term refers to the amount of carbon emissions released into the atmosphere by human activity, including waste management practices.
Public health and safety: This covers the potential hazards associated with improper waste disposal, including air and water pollution, disease transmission, and fire hazards.
Sustainable waste management: This involves balancing environmental, economic, and social factors to achieve long-term sustainable waste management practices.
Solid Waste Management: This includes the collection, transportation, recycling, and disposal of solid wastes generated by households, industries, and commercial establishments.
Hazardous Waste Management: This involves the safe handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes, which are potentially dangerous to human health and the environment.
Biomedical Waste Management: This pertains to the collection, segregation, storage, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes generated by healthcare facilities, laboratories, and research organizations.
E-waste Management: This involves the proper disposal and recycling of electronic waste, which contains potentially hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium.
Construction and Demolition Waste Management: This pertains to the planning, implementation, and monitoring of waste generated during construction, renovation, and demolition activities.
Radioactive Waste Management: This comprises the safe handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of radioactive wastes generated by nuclear power plants, research centers, hospitals, and other organizations.
Organic Waste Management: This involves the segregation, composting, and recycling of organic wastes such as food waste, garden waste, and agricultural residues.
Plastic Waste Management: This pertains to the collection, segregation, recycling, and disposal of plastic wastes, which are a major environmental problem due to their non-biodegradable nature.
Industrial Waste Management: This covers the identification, segregation, treatment, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated by various industrial processes.
Liquid Waste Management: This involves the collection, treatment, and disposal of liquid wastes generated by households, industries, and commercial establishments.
"Waste can be solid, liquid, or gases and each type has different methods of disposal and management."
"Health issues are associated with the entire process of waste management...directly through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil, and food."
"The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the environment and human health."
"A report found that effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets."
"A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW), which is the bulk of the waste created by household, industrial, and commercial activity."
"According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), municipal solid waste is expected to reach approximately 3.4 Gt by 2050..."
"Electronic waste (e-waste) includes discarded computer monitors, motherboards, mobile phones, and chargers...India generates ~ 2 million tonnes (Mte) of e-waste annually and ranks fifth among the e-waste producing countries."
"Effective 'Waste Management' involves the practice of '7R' - 'Refuse, 'Reduce', 'Reuse, 'Repair', 'Repurpose', 'Recycle', and 'Recover'."
"The first two ('Refuse' and 'Reduce') relates to the non-creation of waste - by refusing to buy non-essential products and by reducing consumption."
"'Reuse' refers to increasing the usage of the existing product, with or without the substitution of certain parts of the product."
"'Repurpose' and 'Recycle' involves maximum usage of the materials used in the product."
"'Recover' is the least preferred and least efficient waste management practice involving the recovery of embedded energy in the waste material."
"Certain non-biodegradable products are also dumped away as 'Disposal', and this is not a 'waste-management' practice."
"Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and livable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities."
"Measures of waste management include measures for integrated techno-economic mechanisms of a circular economy, effective disposal facilities, export and import control, and optimal sustainable design of products."
"Authors concluded that about a fourth of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste is not collected and an additional fourth is mismanaged after collection...due to the absence of 'substantial research funding'."
"The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management, and its impact on human health and life..."
"Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and livable cities..."
"A report found that effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets."