"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in decisions about the environment. Environmental justice addresses the disproportionate impact of environmental harm on vulnerable and marginalized communities.
Environmental Racism: This focuses on how environmental hazards and pollution are unequally distributed among communities of different races and ethnicities.
Environmental Health: This area of study investigates the effects of environmental factors on human health, including air pollution, water pollution, and toxic waste.
Environmental Policy: This deals with the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies related to environmental protection and justice.
Environmental Ethics: This explores ethical and value-based perspectives on environmental issues, including the moral obligations of humans to protect the environment.
Climate Change: This refers to the long-term changes in our planet's climate, caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Environmental Sustainability: This focuses on striking a balance between human needs and the needs of the environment, so that resources can be used in a way that preserves the planet for future generations.
Environmental Law: This deals with the legal framework for environmental protection, including regulations, treaties, and agreements.
Ecological Economics: This field intersects economics and ecology, and focuses on how the economy can work sustainably within ecological limits.
Energy and Natural Resources: This explores the use and conservation of natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals, as well as renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.
Environmental Sociology: This analyzes the social factors that contribute to environmental problems, including cultural values, institutional structures, and political power.
Environmental Racism: The disproportionate exposure of minority communities to environmental hazards or pollution, often due to factors such as socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity.
Environmental Classism: A form of environmental injustice that occurs when certain economic classes are more exposed to environmental risks than others.
Environmental Colonialism: Environmental injustices that arise from the exploitation and degradation of lands, resources, and people in colonized or historically marginalized regions.
Environmental Sexism: A type of environmental injustice that affects women more disproportionately and is often linked to gender-based violence and exploitation.
Indigenous Environmental Justice: The rights and protection of indigenous people's rights, their land, resources, and cultural practices from environmental degradation, social and economic exploitation, and inadequate policy action.
Ecological Debt: A notion that developed countries owe a debt to developing countries for exploiting their natural resources and leaving behind environmental problems for them to deal with.
Climate Justice: Environmental justice that focuses on the disproportionate impact of climate change, and its related injustices on marginalized communities around the world, often only in the developing world.
Environmentalism of the Poor: A framework that recognizes the need for the environment to serve broader societal needs outside of economic development, especially for economic classes that cannot afford basic access to clean water, food or medical care.
Environmental Middlemen: Intermediaries who profit from the transportation, disposal, or remediation of toxic waste or pollution generated by others, often borne by lower income stakeholders.
Ecofeminism: A social movement and academic field of inquiry that links environmental and feminist concerns, examining how patriarchy, like capitalism, can lead to eco-injustice, and uses the lens of gender to expose the impact of environmental degradation on vulnerable groups.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."