"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
The study of the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens among different socioeconomic groups, races, and genders.
Definition and Importance of Environmental Justice: This includes the meaning of environmental justice, its significance in society, and its impact on the environment.
Environmental Inequality: This involves the disproportionate distribution of environmental hazards, exposure to pollution, and access to resources that contribute to the degradation of health and the environment.
Race and Environmental Justice: This involves examining the role of race in environmental inequality and how it influences the distribution of environmental hazards and resources.
Environmental Racism: This is the practice of excluding certain communities from access to resources and benefits of environmental programs and policies.
Environmental Health: This involves the study of the effects of environmental conditions and pollutants on human health, including the physical, social, and economic aspects of health.
Toxic Waste: This includes the management of hazardous waste, e-waste, and other toxic materials, and their impact on public health.
Climate Change: This involves the study of the human-induced changes in the earth's climate system and its impact on the environment and health.
Environment and Public Health: This entails understanding the link between the environment and public health concerns such as air and water pollution, infectious diseases, and the spread of viruses.
Environmental Regulations: This includes policies, laws, and regulations that govern environmental conduct, including their effectiveness and their impact on environmental justice concerns.
Environmental Justice Movements: This involves the history of environmental justice movements, their role in advocating for change, and their impact on society.
Indigenous Perspectives: This includes examining the contributions of Indigenous communities to environmental discourse, and their experiences of environmental injustice.
Global Perspectives: This involves examining global environmental justice issues, including climate refugees, land dispossession, and the impact of multinational corporations on the environment.
Advocacy and Action: This includes strategies for advocating and taking action for environmental justice, including grassroots organizing, public policy, and legal action.
Air pollution justice: This is centered around the disproportionate and unjust burden of air pollution in low-income and minority communities, leading to serious health issues like respiratory problems and asthma.
Water pollution justice: This includes the denial of basic access to clean water and sanitation to marginalized communities, who are more likely to live near industrial waste sites or areas with contaminated water.
Food justice: This refers to issues around access to healthy and sustainable food sources, which are often linked to income inequality and geographic location.
Climate justice: This is concerned with the disproportionate and unequal impact of climate change on poor and marginalized communities, who are often the least responsible for contributing to climate change.
Chemical justice: This refers to the unequal distribution of toxic chemicals and hazardous waste in low-income and minority communities.
Land use justice: This is concerned with the unequal distribution of land resources, leading to marginalized communities being displaced and dispossessed of land, often in the name of development.
Environmental policy justice: This incorporates issues around unequal representation and participation in environmental policy-making processes, which can affect the enforcement of environmental regulations and policies.
Workplace justice: This is concerned with the impact of environmental hazards and exposure to toxic substances in the workplace, disproportionately affecting marginalized workers.
Energy justice: This includes issues around unequal access to clean and affordable energy, which can lead to energy poverty and increased reliance on hazardous fuel sources.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."