"Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth."
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the diversity of their genes, habitats, and ecosystems.
Definition of Biodiversity: An explanation of what biodiversity is and how it relates to the variety of life on Earth.
Levels of Biodiversity: A discussion of the different scales at which biodiversity can be measured, from the genetic level to the ecosystem level.
Types of Biodiversity: An overview of the different types of diversity within the natural world, including species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity.
Importance of Biodiversity: A deeper look into the benefits derived from biodiversity, including contributions to ecological and cultural systems, scientific advancement, and economic development.
Threats to Biodiversity: A comprehensive analysis of the most significant threats to biodiversity, including deforestation, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.
Biodiversity Conservation Strategies: An exploration of the different approaches used to protect biodiversity, such as protected areas, captive breeding programs, and ecotourism.
Biodiversity Hotspots: A description of the world's most critical regions for biodiversity, including the Amazon Rainforest, Coral Triangle, and Madagascar.
Biodiversity and Human Health: An explanation of the connection between the biodiversity of the world and the health of human populations, including how diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans.
Genetic Diversity and Evolution: An explanation of the mechanisms underpinning changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time, and how this relates to the diversity of life on Earth.
Citizen Science and Biodiversity: An introduction to the role of citizen science in monitoring and protecting biodiversity, and how anyone can contribute to scientific research in this field.
Genetic Biodiversity: The genetic variation within a species, which leads to the diversity of traits and characteristics.
Species Biodiversity: The variety of different species in a given ecosystem or on the planet.
Ecosystem Biodiversity: The diversity of habitats, ecosystems and ecological processes in a given area.
Functional Biodiversity: The diversity of ecological functions and services performed by different species in an ecosystem.
Temporal Biodiversity: The diversity of life forms throughout continuous evolutionary time, including the variety of species that have lived on Earth throughout history.
Phylogenetic Biodiversity: The diversity of evolutionary histories among living organisms, including the relationship between different species.
Landscape Biodiversity: The diversity of ecosystems and habitats across a broader landscape or region.
Biogeographic Biodiversity: The diversity of species across geographic regions.
Community Biodiversity: The diversity of different populations of species that occupy a habitat or ecosystem.
Structural Biodiversity: The diversity of different physical and structural features of habitats and ecosystems that affect biodiversity.
Microbial Biodiversity: The diversity of microbial communities, especially bacteria and fungi, that play a key role in ecological processes.
Behavioral Biodiversity: The diversity of behaviors exhibited by different species in response to environmental conditions and social interactions.
Chemical Biodiversity: The diversity of natural compounds and biochemical processes that are essential for life and ecological interactions.
Physiological Biodiversity: The diversity of physiological adaptations and strategies that allow species to survive and thrive in different environments.
Conservation Biodiversity: The diversity of efforts and policies aimed at preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species.
"Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (genetic variability), species (species diversity), and ecosystem (ecosystem diversity) level."
"It is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator."
"Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of Earth's surface."
"Marine biodiversity is usually higher along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans."
"Yes, there are latitudinal gradients in species diversity."
"Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots."
"More than 99.9% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to be extinct."
"About 1.2 million have been documented."
"The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 10^37."
"The age of Earth is about 4.54 billion years."
"The earliest undisputed evidence of life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago."
"There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia."
"Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland."
"More recently, in 2015, 'remains of biotic life' were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia."
"Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity."
"The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs."
"The ongoing global biodiversity crisis not only involves biological extinctions but also the loss of experience and the gradual fading of cultural knowledge and collective memory of species. The reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction."
"Biodiversity positively impacts human health in many ways."
"A few negative effects are studied."