"Robotic spacecraft or uncrewed spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board."
Applications of robotics in space exploration and technology.
Introduction to Robotics Engineering: It includes basic concepts related to robotics engineering, its history, applications, and technologies used, etc.
Space Environment: It includes the challenges and requirements of working in space, such as the vacuum of space, solar radiation, temperature variations, etc.
Space Robotics: It includes the design, development, and testing of robots for space applications like exploration, maintenance, and assembly.
Robot Control: It includes the techniques to control the motion of the robots, such as kinematic control, force/torque control, and trajectory planning.
Computer Vision: It includes the techniques to acquire, process, and analyze visual information from a camera mounted on the robot to perform tasks such as navigation, exploration, and inspection.
Artificial Intelligence: It includes the techniques to create intelligent machines capable of making decisions, such as machine learning, planning, and decision-making.
Sensor Technology: It includes the use of sensors to collect data on the environment and to monitor the status of the robots.
Teleoperation: It includes controlling the robots from a remote place, such as Earth, using a human operator to operate the robot.
Robotics Simulation: It includes modeling and simulations of the robots in order to test their capabilities in various space scenarios.
Robotic System Integration: It includes the integration of various robotic components such as sensors, actuators, and software to create a functioning autonomous platform.
Spacecraft robotics: Refers to the use of robotic technology in spacecraft navigation, docking, and servicing missions.
Planetary robotics: Involves developing and deploying autonomous robots for exploration and research on other planets, moons, and asteroids.
Orbital robotics: Deals with remotely operated robotic systems in the Earth's orbit, mainly for maintenance and servicing of satellites.
Robotic manipulators: Are robotic arms designed to move objects in space, such as repairing a damaged spacecraft.
Automated space manufacturing: Refers to the production of materials and equipment in space using robotic systems.
In-situ resource utilization: Involves using robots to mine and process resources from other planets, creating the foundation for a sustainable human exploration of space.
Planetary defense: Refers to the development of robotic systems that can deflect asteroids and other space debris that pose a threat to Earth.
Extraterrestrial homesteading: Deals with developing robots to help establish permanent human settlements on other planets, moons, and asteroids.
Telepresence robots: These robots are designed to operate in extreme environments such as space, allowing human controllers to remotely operate the robot and gather data.
"They may be remote controlled, remote guided, or autonomous: they have a pre-programmed list of operations, which they will execute unless otherwise instructed."
"A robotic spacecraft for scientific measurements is often called a space probe or space observatory."
"Lower cost and risk factors."
"Some planetary destinations such as Venus or the vicinity of Jupiter are too hostile for human survival, given current technology."
"Telerobotics also allows exploration of regions that are vulnerable to contamination by Earth micro-organisms since spacecraft can be sterilized."
"Outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with current crewed spaceflight technology."
"Humans cannot be sterilized in the same way as a spaceship, as they coexist with numerous micro-organisms."
"The first uncrewed space mission was Sputnik, launched October 4, 1957 to orbit the Earth."
"For example, a reflector ball is a non-robotic uncrewed spacecraft."
"For example, the space stations Salyut 7 and Mir, and the International Space Station module Zarya, were capable of remote guided station-keeping and docking maneuvers with both resupply craft and new modules."
"Uncrewed resupply spacecraft are increasingly used for crewed space stations."
"Lower cost and risk factors."
"Telerobotics also allows exploration of regions that are vulnerable to contamination by Earth micro-organisms."
"Humans cannot be sterilized in the same way as a spaceship."
"Outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with current crewed spaceflight technology."
"For example, a reflector ball is a non-robotic uncrewed spacecraft."
"The space stations Salyut 7 and Mir, and the International Space Station module Zarya were capable of remote guided station-keeping and docking maneuvers."
"The first uncrewed space mission was Sputnik, launched October 4, 1957 to orbit the Earth."
"Uncrewed resupply spacecraft are increasingly used for crewed space stations."