"Robot-assisted surgery or robotic surgery are any types of surgical procedures that are performed using robotic systems."
Applications of robotics in healthcare including medical devices and surgical procedures.
Introduction to Robotics Engineering: An overview of what Robotics Engineering involves, including various sub-fields.
Medical Robotics: This covers robotic systems and devices used in medical fields, including surgical robots, patient assistive robots, telemedicine, and more.
Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding of human anatomy and physiology will aid in designing robots for the human body, developing user interfaces, and also enable robotic programming to mimic human movement.
Sensors and Actuators: This entails the various sensors and actuators that are used in Robotics Engineering, including types, working mechanisms, and examples of their application.
Control Systems: This covers the various control systems that are deployed in Robotics Engineering, including types, applications, and design principles.
Programming and Machine Learning: It is essential to learn programming languages and techniques, along with the process and principles of machine learning, as they have a fundamental role in design, development, and operation of modern-day robots.
Robotics Safety: A fundamental concept of Robotics Engineering, ensuring the safety of the robot and people around it, and developing safety protocols to minimize risks associated with robots operating in healthcare.
Robotics Ethics: An important consideration regarding the use of robots in healthcare, recognizing and addressing the ethical issues associated with Robotics Engineering.
Robotics Design: An essential aspect of Robotics Engineering, involving designing robots that accurately mimics and complements human movement, and consider elements such as size, weight, and shape.
Robotics Materials: The study of materials used to produce robots, their properties, how they'll interact with the human body, and how to achieve specific performance requirements.
Human-Machine Interaction: This includes evaluating how humans and robots interact, how to integrate robotic devices into medical fields, computer interaction techniques, and psychology.
3D Printing: This encompasses using 3D printing technology in Robotics Engineering for developing customized parts, enabling the production of intricate components faster.
Planning and Control: A broad topic covering robot path planning, developing motion controllers, and understanding control theory, to achieve a greater level of accuracy while monitoring robots.
Robotics Testing and Validation: This covers the testing and validation rules for ensuring that the robots are safe, reliable, and effective in their operation.
Robotics Maintenance: Maintenance plans for robots and their components to get the most out of your investments and ensure that they remain in good condition over the long-term.
Surgical robots: These are robotic surgical systems designed to assist in performing surgical procedures with enhanced precision and accuracy.
Rehabilitation robots: These robots are used to help patients with mobility impairments regain muscle strength and function.
Telepresence robots: These robots allow physicians and healthcare providers to examine patients from a distance, by remotely controlling the robot.
Robotic prosthetics: These prosthetic devices are fitted with sensors and programmed to mimic natural movements, giving patients more control over their movements.
Lab automation robots: These robots are designed to carry out laboratory tasks such as sample handling, pipetting, and mixing.
Pharmacy automation robots: These robots dispense, distribute, and manage medication in healthcare settings.
Exoskeletons: These are wearable robotic devices that help rehabilitate, augment or enhance human physical functions.
Companion Robots: These robots are designed to provide social and emotional support for seniors, people with disabilities or those who live alone.
Service Robots: These are robots that offer specialized services to hospitals and clinics such as sterilization, cleaning, and delivering medical supplies.
Emergency Response Robots: These robots help first responders during emergencies by providing medical assistance, surveying the area, and transmitting critical information to the medical team.
Nurse assistant robots: These robots help in checking and monitoring vital signs, administering medication, and providing basic care and companionship to patients.
Medical Transportation Robots: These robots help in transporting medical equipment, supplies, and medication between different departments within a healthcare facility.
"Robotically assisted surgery was developed to try to overcome the limitations of pre-existing minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery."
"In the case of robotically assisted minimally-invasive surgery, instead of the surgeon directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of two methods to perform dissection, hemostasis and resection, using a direct telemanipulator, or through computer control."
"A telemanipulator (e.g. the da Vinci Surgical System) is a system of remotely controlled manipulators that allows the surgeon to operate real-time under stereoscopic vision from a control console separate from the operating table."
"The robot is docked next to the patient, and robotic arms carry out endoscopy-like maneuvers via end-effectors inserted through specially designed trocars."
"A surgical assistant and a scrub nurse are often still needed scrubbed at the tableside to help switch effector instruments or provide additional suction or temporary tissue retraction using endoscopic grasping instruments."
"In computer-controlled systems, the surgeon uses a computer system to relay control data and direct the robotic arms and its end-effectors."
"One advantage of using the computerized method is that the surgeon does not have to be present on campus to perform the procedure, leading to the possibility for remote surgery and even AI-assisted or automated procedures."
"Memory devices play an essential role in preventing any inconveniences in the robot-assisted surgery. The memory storage solutions can perform multiple functions based on the patient's physical record."
"They can also indicate specific information to measure calibration offsets indicating misalignment of the storage drive system, life of the data, and so on."
"Robotic surgery has been criticized for its expense, with the average costs in 2007 ranging from $5,607 to $45,914 per patient."
"This technique has not been approved for cancer surgery as of 2019 as the safety and usefulness is unclear."