"Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time."
Study of the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.
Plate Tectonics: The study of the movement and interactions of the earth's lithosphere.
Mineralogy: The study of minerals and their physical and chemical properties.
Petrology: The study of rocks and their formation.
Sedimentology: The study of sedimentary rocks, their formation, and processes.
Stratigraphy: The study of rock layers and their relative positions.
Geophysics: The study of the physical properties of the earth.
Geochemistry: The study of the chemistry of the earth's materials.
Structural Geology: The study of the deformation of rocks and the processes that cause it.
Geologic Time: The study of the earth's history and the processes that have shaped it.
Tectonic Settings: The study of the geologic processes associated with plate tectonics in different settings.
Petroleum Geology: The study of geologic processes associated with the formation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons.
Reservoir Characterization: The study of a petroleum reservoir's structure, properties, and fluids.
Drilling and Production: The study of techniques and tools used in drilling for and producing petroleum.
Enhanced Oil Recovery: The study of methods for extracting more oil and gas from reservoirs.
Environmental Geology: The study of the impact of geologic processes and human activities on the environment.
Sedimentary Geology: It involves studying the formation, structure and properties of sediments, sedimentary rocks and the processes involved in their formation.
Stratigraphy: It deals with the study of rock layers, their arrangement, and how they are related to each other.
Structural Geology: It is the study of geological structures; including folds, faults, joints, and fractures. These structures can be used to determine how rocks have been deformed and how they have been uplifted or lowered.
Petrology: It is the study of the origin, composition, and structure of rocks, including both igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Geochemistry: It is the study of the chemical composition and properties of rocks, minerals, and soils, focusing on the way that they interact with their surroundings.
Geophysics: It is the study of the physical properties of the earth, including its internal structure, seismic activity, and magnetic properties.
Paleontology: It is the study of ancient life, including fossils and their relationships to extinct organisms.
Basin Analysis: It is the study of sedimentary basins and their development, including the depositional history, tectonic history, and the evolution of the basin and the surrounding land areas.
Environmental Geology: It is the study of human interaction with the environment and the effect that human activity has on the environment.
Geohydrology: It is the study of water resources and the movement of water in the ground, including groundwater recharge and discharge, groundwater flow, and water quality.
Geothermal Energy: It is the study of the heat energy that is generated within the earth's crust and how it can be used as a source of renewable energy.
Petroleum Geology: It is the study of the formation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons, including oil and gas, in geological structures. It is especially important to the Petroleum Engineering discipline, as it provides the knowledge base for exploration and production of hydrocarbons, with the aim of identifying, extracting, and producing oil and gas efficiently and economically.
"Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure."
"Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation."
"Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages."
"By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole."
"Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics."
"Geology provides insights into past climate change."
"Geologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modeling."
"In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding natural hazards, remediating environmental problems."
"Geology is central to geological engineering and plays an important role in geotechnical engineering."
"Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth', and λoγία (-logía) 'study of, discourse')"
"Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science."
"One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth."
"Geologists study the evolutionary history of life."
"Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation."
"Geologists use fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modeling to understand the Earth's structure."
"Geology is important for evaluating water resources."
"Geology is important for understanding natural hazards."
"Geology plays a role in remediating environmental problems."
"Geology is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science."