"Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries."
Study of properties and behavior of materials, how they are processed and their applications in manufacturing processes.
Basic Principles of Materials Science: Covers fundamental concepts such as the structure and properties of materials, crystal structures, bonding, and defects.
Materials Synthesis & Processing: Includes various techniques used to prepare materials, such as powder processing, solidification, casting, and sintering.
Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Covers the study of how materials behave under stress, strain, deformation, and fracture.
Microstructure Analysis: Involves examining the structure, properties, and behavior of materials at the microscopic level.
Materials Characterization: Includes techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis used to identify and study the properties of materials.
Materials Selection and Design: Involves choosing and designing materials for specific applications based on their properties, costs, and performance requirements.
Manufacturing Processes: Includes different methods used to shape, join, and assemble materials into finished products, such as machining, casting, forging, welding, and additive manufacturing.
Composite Materials: Involves the study of materials made from different components, such as fibrous and polymeric materials, reinforced with fillers or nanoparticles.
Nanomaterials: Covers the study of materials with nanoscale dimensions and their unique properties and applications.
Properties and Applications of Materials: Involves the study of the properties and applications of different types of materials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
Environmental and Economic Impact: Includes the study of the environmental and economic impact of different materials and manufacturing processes.
Casting: It is a manufacturing process that involves pouring liquid metal into a mold to form a specific shape.
Forging: It is a manufacturing process that involves applying pressure to a heated metal to shape it into a specific form.
Extrusion: It is a manufacturing process that involves pushing a material through a die to create a specific shape.
Machining: It is a manufacturing process that involves removing material from a workpiece to create a specific shape or size.
Welding: It is a manufacturing process that involves joining two or more pieces of metal together using heat or pressure.
Electroplating: It is a manufacturing process that involves coating a metal with another metal using an electric current.
Powder metallurgy: It is a manufacturing process that involves mixing metal powders and then compressing them into a specific shape.
Injection molding: It is a manufacturing process that involves injecting molten plastic into a mold to form a specific shape.
3D printing: It is a manufacturing process that involves creating a three-dimensional object by depositing successive layers of material.
Heat treatment: It is a manufacturing process that involves heating and cooling metal to improve its properties.
Surface treatment: It is a manufacturing process that involves modifying the surface of a material to improve its properties or appearance.
Composite manufacturing: It is a manufacturing process that involves combining two or more materials to create a new material with improved properties.
Nanomanufacturing: It is a manufacturing process that involves creating objects and structures on a nanoscale level.
Semiconductor manufacturing: It is a manufacturing process that involves creating semiconductors used in electronic devices.
Biomanufacturing: It is a manufacturing process that involves using biological systems to create products, such as medicines and proteins.
"The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Age of Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy."
"As such, the field was long considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of these related fields."
"Beginning in the 1940s, materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering."
"The understanding of processing-structure-properties relationships is called the materials paradigm."
"This paradigm is used to advance understanding in a variety of research areas, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy."
"Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis – investigating materials, products, structures, or components, which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property."
"Such investigations are key to understanding, for example, the causes of various aviation accidents and incidents."
"Materials scientists emphasize understanding how the history of a material (processing) influences its structure, and thus the material's properties and performance."
"Materials science still incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering."
"Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries."
"Major technical universities around the world created dedicated schools for its study."
"The understanding of processing-structure-properties relationships is called the materials paradigm."
"...research areas, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy."
"...understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy."
"...investigating materials, products, structures, or components, which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property."
"...investigating materials, products, structures, or components, which fail or do not function as intended..."
"Beginning in the 1940s, materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering."
"When researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy."
"...incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering."