"Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, and geography...to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems."
The study of physical processes and how they affect the environment.
Environmental Science: This deals with the study of the Earth's natural systems and how they interact with each other.
Ecology: This is the study of how living organisms interact with their environment, including the physical and chemical factors that affect their survival.
Geology: It deals with the study of the Earth's physical structure, composition, and its history.
Meteorology: This is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and the weather patterns that interact with it.
Hydrology: The science of studying water on earth, its movement, quality, and distribution.
Chemistry: Environmental chemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur in the environment including air, water, and soil pollution.
Thermodynamics: This deals with the transfer of heat and its relationship with work and energy.
Radiation and Proton Engine: The study of nuclear and alpha particles present in the environment.
Biophysics: The study of physical and chemical principles that underlie biological systems.
Environmental Toxicology: Concerned with studying the adverse effects of chemicals and pollutants on the environment.
Environmental Policy: This deals with the laws and regulations that govern environmental protection and policy.
Environmental Economics: This is the study of how the environment and the economy interact, including issues of resource allocation and growth.
Climate Science: Deals with the study of the Earth's climate system and how it is changing over time.
Renewable Energy Systems: Understanding how different sources of renewable energy such as wind, solar, and hydropower work and their impact on the environment.
Resource management: Concerned with ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources.
Ecosystem Restoration: The science and practice of restoring ecosystems which have been damaged or destroyed.
Environmental Modelling: The use of computer models to study and predict environmental processes.
Air Quality Management: The science of monitoring and improving the quality of the air we breathe.
Water and Waste management: The study of managing waste and ensuring adequate water supply.
Globalisation and Sustainable Development: The relationship between globalization and environmental sustainability.
Water resource engineering: This area deals with the study of water treatment, wastewater management, irrigation system design, and modeling the surface and groundwater systems.
Air pollution control engineering: This area deals with the study of ambient and indoor air quality, sources of air pollution, and technologies for controlling and mitigating air pollutants.
Solid waste management: This area deals with the study of reducing, recycling, and disposing of municipal and industrial solid waste.
Environmental toxicology: This area deals with the study of toxic substances and their impact on the environment, human and wildlife health.
Green technologies: This area deals with the study of technologies for mitigating environmental problems, such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainable design.
Environmental modeling: This area deals with the development of computer models to simulate environmental systems, such as climate models, hydrological models, and ecosystem models.
Environmental impact assessment: This area deals with the study of the potential impacts of large-scale projects on the environment, such as dams, highways, and power plants.
Geotechnical engineering: This area deals with the study of the mechanics of soil and rock, and how these materials interact with engineering structures and the environment.
Climate change adaptation: This area deals with the study of how to adapt to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and changes to ecosystems.
"Physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science)."
"Environmental science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems."
"Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment."
"Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions, and policies towards the environment."
"Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect."
"Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes."
"Environmental scientists use their knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of the earth."
"Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes."
"Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems."
"Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis."
"Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s."
"The need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation, and the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems."
"The publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring, the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, 'catching fire'...helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study."