The components that reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by a vehicle, including catalytic converters and exhaust gas recirculation systems.
Exhaust gases: Understanding the composition and characteristics of exhaust gases, which includes nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter.
Catalytic converters: The role of catalytic converters in reducing emissions by converting harmful gases into less harmful ones.
EGR systems: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems help to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxide produced by recirculating exhaust gases back into the engine.
Fuel injection systems: The importance of fuel injection systems, and how they can impact emissions.
Oxygen sensors: Understanding how oxygen sensors work, and the role they play in monitoring and regulating emissions levels.
Air pumps: Emission control systems may use air pumps to inject additional air into the exhaust system, diluting emissions and driving the catalytic converter.
Vapor recovery systems: Gasoline vapor recovery systems capture gasoline vapors and route them back to the gas tank rather than releasing them into the atmosphere.
PCV systems: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) systems remove gases from the engine crankcase, helping to prevent oil contamination and reduce emissions.
EVAP systems: Evaporative emission control (EVAP) systems prevent the release of gasoline vapors into the atmosphere by collecting and storing them in a charcoal canister.
Diesel particulate filters: Diesel particulate filters (DPF) capture harmful particulate matter produced by diesel engines.
SCR systems: Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems use urea injection to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions in diesel engines.
NOx adsorbers: Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) adsorbers can reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines by trapping and releasing nitrogen oxides.
Engine management systems: How engine management systems can control emissions by monitoring and adjusting engine performance.
Hybrid systems: The role of hybrid systems in improving fuel economy and reducing emissions.
Alternative fuels: The use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas, propane, and electric power, in reducing emissions from vehicles.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation System (EGR): This system controls NOx emissions by reducing the amount of oxygen available in the combustion chamber.
Three-Way Catalyst (TWC): A system that uses a catalytic converter to convert harmful pollutants in the exhaust into less harmful compounds, such as carbon dioxide and water.
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): The SCR system is used to reduce NOx emissions. It works by injecting a urea-based solution into the exhaust gases, which reacts with the NOx to form harmless nitrogen and water.
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF): The DPF system captures and stores particulate matter emitted by diesel engines. Once the filter becomes full, it is cleaned through a process called regeneration.
Lean NOx Trap (LNT): The LNT system is used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines. It works by trapping the NOx in a special filter, which is then periodically regenerated.
Vapor Recovery System: This system captures fuel vapors and returns them to the fuel tank. It reduces air pollution by preventing the release of harmful chemicals into the environment.
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV): The PCV system helps to reduce emissions from the engine by redirecting blow-by gases back into the combustion chamber.
Air Injection System: The air injection system introduces extra air into the exhaust, which helps to burn leftover fuel and reduces emissions.
Catalytic Oxidation (CO): The CO system is similar to the TWC system, but it is designed to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust rather than NOx.
Evaporative Emissions Control (EVAP): EVAP systems capture and control fuel vapors that are emitted from the fuel tank and fuel system, preventing them from escaping into the atmosphere.