"Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how a person's various social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege."
Understanding how individual identities intersect and influence social experiences, and recognizing that social and cultural issues cannot be understood or addressed in isolation.
Identity: Understanding how race, gender, sexuality, and other social identities intersect to shape experiences of power and privilege.
Privilege: Learning about how privilege operates in society and how some individuals or groups may benefit from it.
Power: Understanding how power relations are established and maintained in society and how they impact groups with less power.
Stereotypes: Examining how stereotypes perpetuate oppression and how to combat them.
Prejudice: Understanding what prejudice is and how it functions to maintain power differentials in society.
Discrimination: Learning about the different ways that discrimination can manifest and understanding its impact on marginalized communities.
Oppression: Examining how structural oppression is created and how it operates to marginalize certain groups.
Intersectionality: Understanding how social identities intersect and impact experiences of oppression and privilege.
Social Justice: Learning about the importance of social justice in creating a fair and equitable society.
Equity: Understanding the difference between equality and equity and the importance of striving towards equity in education and society.
"Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance."
"These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing."
"Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's differing experiences and identities."
"The term intersectionality was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989."
"Intersectionality opposes analytical systems that treat each axis of oppression in isolation."
"In this framework, for instance, discrimination against black women cannot be explained as a simple combination of misogyny and racism, but as something more complicated."
"Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor or immigrant woman of color."
"Criticism includes the framework's tendency to reduce individuals to specific demographic factors, and its use as an ideological tool against other feminist theories."
"Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals."
"As it is based in standpoint theory, critics say the focus on subjective experiences can lead to contradictions and the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality."
"An analysis of academic articles published through December 2019 found that there are no widely adopted quantitative methods to investigate research questions informed by intersectionality."
"The analysis ... provided recommendations on analytic best practices for future research."
"An analysis of academic articles published through May 2020 found that intersectionality is frequently misunderstood when bridging theory into quantitative methodology."
"In 2022, a quantitative approach to intersectionality was proposed based on information theory, specifically synergistic information."
"In this framing, intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome (e.g. income, etc.) that can only be learned when multiple identities (e.g. race and sex) are known together."
"Intersectionality is identified with the information about some outcome [...] that can [...] not [be] extractable from analysis of the individual identities considered separately."
"Critics [argue] the inability to identify common causes of oppression."
"Intersectionality broadens the scope of the first and second waves of feminism, [...] to include the different experiences of women of color, poor women, immigrant women, and other groups."