"Educational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
The measurement and interpretation of student learning and performance.
Types of assessment: Different types of assessments (such as formative, summative, diagnostic, and authentic assessments) have different purposes, characteristics, and benefits.
Assessment tools and techniques: Various methods and tools are used to assess different types of learning outcomes (such as multiple-choice tests, rubrics, portfolios, and observations).
Standardized tests: Standardized tests (such as SAT, ACT, and national exams) are used to assess students' knowledge and skills on a standardized basis across different schools, regions, or countries.
Assessment validity and reliability: Validity and reliability are essential criteria for ensuring that assessment results are accurate, consistent, and meaningful.
Assessment bias and fairness: Assessment should be impartial and fair to all students, regardless of their background, culture, or identity.
Evaluation criteria and standards: Criteria and standards are used to evaluate the success of educational programs, policies, and practices based on their intended outcomes.
Performance indicators and benchmarks: Performance indicators and benchmarks are used to measure progress and growth in particular areas of education, such as literacy, numeracy, and critical thinking.
Data analysis and interpretation: Data analysis involves the use of statistical tools and methods to examine and interpret assessment results and other educational data.
Feedback and communication: Feedback is a crucial part of assessment and evaluation, and effective communication is essential for providing constructive feedback to students, colleagues, and stakeholders.
Ethics and confidentiality: Assessment and evaluation should be conducted with ethical principles, such as respect for privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent, as well as sensitivity to cultural and ethical diversity.
Diagnostic Assessment: This type of assessment is conducted at the start of a teaching session to identify the student's strengths and weaknesses in a particular subject.
Formative Assessment: This type of assessment is conducted during the learning process to assess a student's understanding of a lesson or concept.
Summative Assessment: This type of assessment is conducted at the end of a teaching session to evaluate the student's overall learning in the subject matter.
Criterion-Referenced Assessment: This type of assessment is used to measure a student's understanding of specific learning criteria or objectives.
Norm-Referenced Assessment: This type of assessment is used to compare a student's performance against the performance of other students.
Performance-Based Assessment: This type of assessment involves students performing a task or demonstrating a skill to assess their understanding and abilities.
Portfolio Assessment: This type of assessment involves the collection of student work over a period of time to assess their progress and development.
Self-Assessment: This type of assessment involves students reflecting on their own learning and progress across the subject matter.
Peer Assessment: This type of assessment involves students assessing each other's work or performance with guidance from the teacher.
Standardized Assessment: This type of assessment is used to compare a student's performance against a standard or benchmark. Examples of standardized assessments include the SAT and ACT exams.
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or can be based on data from which one can make inferences about learning."
"Assessment is often used interchangeably with test, but not limited to tests."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole (also known as granularity)."
"The word 'assessment' came into use in an educational context after the Second World War."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers, their assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"...using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes..."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole..."
"Implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes."
"...providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations, and using the collected information to inform improvement in student learning."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers..."
"Assessment... determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"Using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the... assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, provides a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implements a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence..."