"Educational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
Overview of formative, summative, diagnostic, and authentic assessment methods used in education.
Formative assessment: This type of assessment is used during the learning process to provide ongoing feedback and support improvement.
Summative assessment: This type of assessment is used at the end of a learning period to assess the knowledge and understanding of a student.
Diagnostic assessment: This type of assessment is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a student in order to provide targeted support.
Authentic assessment: This type of assessment involves evaluating students based on real-world tasks and projects.
Criterion-referenced assessment: This type of assessment involves a standard set of criteria and measures how well a student has met those criteria.
Norm-referenced assessment: This type of assessment involves comparing a student's performance to that of a norm group.
Performance-based assessment: This type of assessment involves evaluating a student's ability to perform a task or demonstrate a skill.
Portfolio assessment: This type of assessment involves compiling a collection of a student's work over time to demonstrate growth and progress.
Rubrics: Rubrics provide clear criteria for evaluation and help students understand what is expected of them.
Authentic scoring: This type of scoring involves evaluating the quality and substance of a student's work rather than just the correctness of their answers.
Standardized testing: Standardized tests are designed to measure a student's knowledge and skills on a set of standardized criteria.
Feedback: Providing effective and timely feedback is an important aspect of the assessment process.
Assessment for learning: This approach involves using assessments to support student learning and development.
Assessment of learning: This approach involves using assessments to evaluate student progress and achievement.
Performance indicators: These are specific goals or objectives that help teachers and students identify what is expected in a particular assignment or task.
Cognitive domains: These are the different types of thinking and learning styles that students may use, including memory, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application.
Psychomotor domains: These are the different types of physical skills that students may need to develop and demonstrate, including coordination, agility, balance, and strength.
Affective domains: These are the different types of emotional and social skills that students may need to develop and demonstrate, including communication skills, self-awareness, empathy, and emotional regulation.
Formative Assessment: This involves ongoing assessment of learning that takes place during a learning experience, in order to provide feedback for improvement.
Summative Assessment: This involves evaluation of learning at the end of a learning experience, in order to determine what the learner has achieved.
Diagnostic Assessment: This involves assessment that is used to identify learning difficulties or weaknesses, so that interventions can be put in place.
Criterion-Referenced Assessment: This involves assessment that measures a student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria, rather than against other students.
Norm-Referenced Assessment: This involves assessment that compares a student's performance against the performance of other students, using a standardized test.
Performance Assessment: This involves assessment that measures a student's ability to perform a task, rather than just their knowledge.
Portfolio Assessment: This involves assessment that is based on a collection of a student's work, over time.
Self-Assessment: This involves assessment where students assess their own performance, in order to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses.
Peer Assessment: This involves assessment where students assess each other's performance, in order to provide feedback and support to their peers.
Authentic Assessment: This involves assessment that is based on real-world tasks, which reflect the competencies required in the workplace or in daily life.
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or can be based on data from which one can make inferences about learning."
"Assessment is often used interchangeably with test, but not limited to tests."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole (also known as granularity)."
"The word 'assessment' came into use in an educational context after the Second World War."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers, their assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"...using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes..."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole..."
"Implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes."
"...providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations, and using the collected information to inform improvement in student learning."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers..."
"Assessment... determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"Using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the... assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, provides a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implements a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence..."