"Educational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
Methods and techniques of administering assessments, scoring, grading, and interpreting results.
Types of assessments: The various types of assessments that are commonly used in education, including formative, summative, diagnostic, and performance assessments.
Assessment administration: The process of preparing, administering, and scoring assessments, including guidelines for test takers and best practices for test administration.
Test construction: The process of creating assessment instruments, including item development, item analysis, and test blueprinting.
Reliability and validity: The concepts of reliability and validity in educational measurement, including methods for testing these concepts and their importance in assessment.
Standard setting: The process of determining the cut score for an assessment instrument, including statistical methods and stakeholder input.
Scoring and reporting: The methods for scoring assessments, including hand scoring, machine scoring, and performance assessment, and the considerations for reporting results.
Accommodations and accessibility: The accommodations and accessibility options available for students with disabilities or those learning English as a second language.
Legal and ethical considerations: The legal and ethical considerations involved in assessment administration, including issues of test security and fairness.
Data analysis and use: The process of analyzing assessment data and using it to inform instructional decisions and policy.
Emerging trends in assessment: The latest research, practices, and technologies in the field of educational assessment, such as adaptive testing and online assessment.
Formative Assessment: Ongoing, daily assessment of student learning to adjust instruction.
Summative Assessment: End-of-unit, end-of-course evaluation of student learning.
Diagnostic Assessment: Pre-testing to determine knowledge or skill levels of students.
Authentic Assessment: Performance-based assessment that measures real-world skills.
Criterion-Referenced Assessment: Measures a student's performance against specific criteria.
Norm-Referenced Assessment: Measures a student's performance against the performance of a larger group.
Performance Assessment: Assessment that measures a student's mastery of a specific skill or knowledge.
Portfolio Assessment: Collection of student work that is evaluated for mastery of specific learning goals.
Self-Assessment: Students assess their own learning progress.
Peer Assessment: Students assess each other's learning progress.
Rubrics: Specific criteria used to evaluate student learning.
Multiple-Choice Assessments: Assess student knowledge using a set of predetermined responses.
Essay Assessments: Provides written responses to open-ended questions.
Oral/Written Assessments: Assess student knowledge using speech or written prompts.
Standardized Assessments: Assessment in which all students receive the same test under the same conditions.
Performance or Project-based Assessment: Assessment that assesses a student's ability to apply or demonstrate knowledge and skills in a real-world, practical context.
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or can be based on data from which one can make inferences about learning."
"Assessment is often used interchangeably with test, but not limited to tests."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole (also known as granularity)."
"The word 'assessment' came into use in an educational context after the Second World War."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers, their assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"...using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes..."
"Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community, a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole..."
"Implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations."
"Assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes."
"...providing a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implementing a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning matches expectations, and using the collected information to inform improvement in student learning."
"Assessment is an important aspect of the educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the theoretical framework of the practitioners and researchers..."
"Assessment... determines the level of accomplishments of students."
"Using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning."
"The final purpose of assessment practices in education depends on the... assumptions and beliefs about the nature of the human mind, the origin of knowledge, and the process of learning."
"As a continuous process, assessment establishes measurable and clear student learning outcomes, provides a sufficient amount of learning opportunities to achieve these outcomes, implements a systematic way of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence..."