The systems of government and decision-making that shape the policies and outcomes of urban development, including local, regional and national levels of government.
Urbanization: The process of population concentration in urban areas and its impact on infrastructure, environment, and social structures.
Urban Planning: The process of designing and managing urban areas, including land use, zoning, transportation, and public utilities.
Housing Policy: The set of policies designed to provide affordable and sustainable housing to urban residents.
Urban Transport Policy: The policies that regulate the modes of transportation used in urban areas, including public transit and private vehicles.
Environmental Policies: Policies that address the environmental issues faced by cities, including waste management, air and water pollution, and sustainable development.
Governance and Citizen Participation: The mechanisms that facilitate public engagement in decision-making and the governance of urban areas.
Economic Development: The strategies and policies that promote economic growth and development in urban areas.
Social Inclusion: Policies aimed at reducing inequalities, promoting diversity in cities, and ensuring access to basic services for all residents.
Urban Finance: The management of financial resources in urban areas, including taxation, budgeting, and financing of infrastructure projects.
Urban Infrastructure: The physical structures and services required for the functioning of a city, including water, sewerage, electricity, and transportation networks.
Public Health: Policies and strategies aimed at promoting healthy living conditions, preventing disease outbreaks and improving access to healthcare services in urban areas.
Urban Ethics: The principles of ethical behavior and decision-making that guide urban governance and policymaking.
Smart City: The use of technological innovations to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life in urban areas.
Tourism Policy: The strategies that plan, regulate, and promote the tourism sector in urban areas.
Disaster Management: The policies, plans, and strategies to mitigate the impact of natural and human-made disasters on urban areas.
Centralized and Decentralized Governance: The type of governance where a central authority controls urban development and infrastructure is known as centralized governance, while the type that delegates decision-making powers to lower levels of government such as municipalities, is known as decentralized governance.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): This is where the public and private sectors collaborate in delivering services and providing infrastructure.
Market Governance: This is the approach where the market controls urban development and infrastructure, with minimal government regulation.
Participatory Governance: This type of governance encourages citizen participation and input on decisions made regarding urban development and infrastructure.
Hybrid Governance: This approach combines elements of public and private sector participation with citizen participation to achieve urban development and infrastructure goals.
Network Governance: The focus here is on building partnerships, collaborating with stakeholders, and creating a network of actors to achieve urban development goals.
Adaptive Governance: The approach where governance adapts to the changing needs and requirements of the urban environment.
Inter-jurisdictional Governance: Collaboration and coordination between different jurisdictions such as state, regional, or international entities in providing urban developments and infrastructure.
Resilient Governance: This type of governance addresses challenges posed by environmental, social, and economic factors through urban development.
Sustainable Governance: This approach strives to maintain a balance between urban development and sustainable development, considering the social, economic, and environmental impact of urban development.