A review of the role of transportation in promoting economic development, including the effects on employment, productivity, and regional growth, as well as the economic impacts of transportation investments and policies.
Mode choice: The decision-making process that travelers go through in choosing the mode of transportation for their trip.
Congestion: The phenomenon of traffic congestion, its causes, and its impact on transportation and economic activity.
Transportation infrastructure: The physical network of roads, bridges, railways, and waterways that transport people and goods.
Public transport: The provision of public transportation services by government agencies or private companies.
Urban planning: The design of cities and towns and their transportation systems to promote livability, sustainability, and economic development.
Investment in transport infrastructure: The allocation of resources by government and private investors to support the development of transportation infrastructure.
Freight transport: The movement of goods by road, rail, sea or air, and the impact of efficiency and effectiveness of the freight transport system on the economy.
Inland waterways: The system of rivers, lakes, and canals that are used for freight transport and the economic benefits of using these modes of transport.
Aviation economics: The economic considerations of air transportation, including the demand for flights, airline economics, and the effects of deregulation.
Logistics: The management of the flow of goods and services to support economic activity and the role of transportation in this process.
Transport policy: The set of decisions made by government to influence the development of transportation systems and its impact on economic growth.
Environmental impacts of transportation: The economic and social costs associated with the environmental impact of transportation infrastructure and related emissions.
Accessibility and connectivity: The availability and ease of access to transportation infrastructure for all members of society, and the impact of this on economic development.
Land use and transportation: The interrelationship between transportation infrastructure and land use decisions and the economic implications for both.
Transportation demand forecasting: The science of predicting the future demand for transportation services and its impact on economic activity.
Technology and innovation: The role of technological advances and innovation in transportation and the benefits for economic development.
Energy and transportation: The energy demands and sources associated with transportation infrastructure, and the economic implications of the supply and demand for energy.
Roads: Roads are one of the most critical transportation modes that allow for the efficient movement of people, goods and services. They help in facilitating trade, movement of machinery and equipment, and other economic activities.
Railways: Railways facilitate long-distance transportation of goods and are highly preferred for bulk transportation of raw materials, coal, iron ore, crops, and other commodities. They also benefit businesses by providing them with a cost-efficient method to transport goods.
Waterways: Waterways, such as rivers, canals, and ports, are instrumental in facilitating trade and commerce worldwide, especially for countries with vast coastlines. They provide a cheaper means of transporting goods in bulk over long distances.
Air transport: It is essential in facilitating international trade, tourism, and transportation of time-sensitive goods, like perishable food, medical supplies, and high-value goods. It provides a fast turnaround time compared to ground transport.
Digital / Online Communication: The rise of digital technology has made online communication an essential part of economic development. E-commerce platforms, online banking, and digital marketing have created massive opportunities for businesses worldwide.
Public transportation: Public transportation, such as buses, trams, trains, and subways, is convenient for passengers and reduces traffic congestion in urban areas. It also makes it easier for people to access job opportunities and to travel to tourist destinations.
Non-motorized transport: It is a means of transportation that is not powered by an engine, such as bicycles, e-bikes, rickshaws or walking. It is cheaper than other means of transport and also creates job opportunities in the transportation industry. It is especially common in cities with high population densities.