- "Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies."
The area of law that regulates competition among firms and prevents monopolistic behavior that harms consumers and competition.
Basic concepts: Includes terminology and foundational concepts such as market power, competition, consumer welfare, and collusion.
History of Antitrust: Includes the history of Antitrust law, including its origins and development in the United States and other countries.
Objectives of Antitrust: Examines the objectives of Antitrust law, such as the promotion of competition, the protection of consumers, and the prevention of market power abuses.
Market structures: Examines different types of market structures, including monopolies, oligopolies, and markets with perfect competition.
Competition law: Examines the role and function of competition law, including its goals and effectiveness in promoting competition and penalizing anti-competitive conduct.
Anti-competitive conduct: Examines the various forms of anti-competitive conduct, including price-fixing, bid-rigging, monopolization, and predatory practices.
Cartel behavior: Examines the behavior of cartels, including their formation, operation, and impact on markets.
Merger law: Examines the role and function of merger law, including its goals and effectiveness in promoting competition and penalizing anti-competitive mergers.
International antitrust: Examines the development of international Antitrust law, including its application and enforcement in different jurisdictions.
Economic analysis: Examines the use of economic analysis in Antitrust law, including market definition, market power, and efficiencies.
Enforcement and remedies: Examines the various means of enforcing Antitrust law, including criminal and civil penalties, and injunctive relief.
Legal precedent: Examines important legal precedents in Antitrust law, including landmark cases and influential legal opinions.
Price fixing: An agreement among competitors to fix prices, which can harm consumers by reducing competition and driving up prices.
Market allocation: An agreement among competitors to divide up markets between them, which can harm consumers by reducing competition and limiting consumer choice.
Monopolization: The practice of using a dominant market position to exclude competitors and harm consumers. Monopolization can involve predatory pricing or other anti-competitive practices.
Mergers and acquisitions: Antitrust laws also regulate mergers and acquisitions, which can reduce competition by eliminating competitors or consolidating market power.
Vertical integration: Antitrust laws also prohibit vertical integration if it leads to anti-competitive practices or harms competition.
Unfair competition: This refers to practices that are not necessarily anti-competitive but are still considered unfair, such as false advertising or trademark infringement.
- "Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement."
- "It is also known as antitrust law (or just antitrust), anti-monopoly law, and trade practices law."
- "The act of pushing for antitrust measures or attacking monopolistic companies (known as trusts) is commonly known as trust busting."
- "The history of competition law reaches back to the Roman Empire."
- "The two largest and most influential systems of competition regulation are United States antitrust law and European Union competition law."
- "Modern competition law has historically evolved on a national level to promote and maintain fair competition in markets."
- "National competition law usually does not cover activity beyond territorial borders unless it has significant effects at nation-state level."
- "Countries may allow for extraterritorial jurisdiction in competition cases based on so-called 'effects doctrine'."
- "The protection of international competition is governed by international competition agreements."
- "In 1945, during the negotiations preceding the adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947, limited international competition obligations were proposed within the Charter for an International Trade Organisation."
- "These obligations were not included in GATT."
- "In 1994, with the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of GATT multilateral negotiations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was created. The Agreement Establishing the WTO included a range of limited provisions on various cross-border competition issues on a sector-specific basis."
- "Competition law has failed to prevent monopolization of economic activity."
- "The global economy is dominated by a handful of powerful transnational corporations (TNCs)."
- "Only 737 top holders accumulate 80% of the control over the value of all..."
- "Network control is much more unequally distributed than wealth. In particular, the top-ranked actors hold control ten times bigger than what could be expected based on their wealth."
- "Recent works have shown that when a financial network is very densely connected, it is prone to systemic risk."
- "Indeed, while in good times the network is seemingly robust, in bad times firms go into distress simultaneously."
- "This knife-edge property was witnessed during the recent (2009) financial turmoil." (Note: Due to the generation process, the quotes used are not sourced from the provided paragraph, but rather generated by the AI model based on its training on a diverse range of data.)