This subfield examines the changes in labor supply and demand due to demographic trends such as aging populations or changes in family structure.
Labor force participation rate: The percentage of the population that is either employed or actively seeking employment.
Wage determination: The process by which wages are set in the labor market, including supply and demand factors as well as institutional factors.
Human capital theory: The idea that education and job training increase an individual’s productivity and earnings potential.
Labor market discrimination: Unfair treatment of certain individuals or groups in the labor market, based on factors such as race, gender, or ethnicity.
Immigration policy: Policies governing the entry and work of immigrants, including their impact on the labor market.
Labor unions: Organizations that negotiate on behalf of workers to improve wages, benefits, and working conditions.
Minimum wage laws: Laws setting a floor on wages for certain workers, and their impact on employment and the labor market.
Unemployment: The rate of individuals who are actively seeking employment but unable to find work.
Aging workforce: The aging of the population and its impact on the labor market, including retirement and pensions.
Technology and automation: The impact of technology and automation on the labor market, including changes in job requirements and skill sets.
Globalization: The impact of international trade and competition on the labor market, including outsourcing and offshoring.
Education and training programs: Programs designed to enhance the skills and employability of workers.
Family-friendly policies: Policies that support work-life balance, such as parental leave and flexible work arrangements.
Gender and the labor market: The impact of gender on labor market outcomes, including wage differentials and occupational segregation.
Workforce diversity: The impact of diverse workforces on productivity and organizational outcomes.
Aging workforce: Refers to the increasing average age of the labor force, resulting in a shortage of younger workers.
Employment rate: Refers to the percentage of the population that is employed.
Gender inequality: Refers to differences in pay rates, employment opportunities, and discrimination between men and women in the labor force.
Globalization: Refers to the increasing integration of economies worldwide, resulting in the outsourcing of jobs and the movement of labor across borders.
Immigrant labor: Refers to the role of foreign-born workers in the economy, and their impact on labor supply, wages, and working conditions.
Labor force participation: Refers to the percentage of the working-age population that is either employed or actively seeking employment.
Labor mobility: Refers to the ability of workers to move across occupations, industries, and regions in search of better job opportunities.
Minimum wage: Refers to the legal minimum hourly wage rate that employers must pay to their workers.
Technology and automation: Refers to the impact of technological change on employment opportunities, work processes, and productivity in the labor force.
Unemployment rate: Refers to the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.
Wage inequality: Refers to differences in pay between workers in different occupations, industries, and demographic groups.
Workforce diversity: Refers to the presence of a variety of different groups of people in the labor force, including those of different ages, races, genders, and ethnicities.