"A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold..."
The market where long-term securities such as stocks and bonds are bought and sold.
Financial Markets: An overview of the various financial markets including stocks, bonds, derivatives, and foreign exchange markets.
Market Efficiency: Understanding the concept of market efficiency and its implications for investors and traders.
Risk and Return: An analysis of the relationship between risk and return in financial markets.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): An explanation of the CAPM and its use in determining expected returns on assets.
Efficient Frontier and Portfolio Theory: An analysis of portfolio theory and the efficient frontier, with emphasis on diversification.
Options and Futures Markets: An overview of the options and futures markets and their use in hedging and speculating.
Fundamental Analysis: A study of fundamental analysis and its use in valuing stocks and other financial assets.
Technical Analysis: A study of technical analysis and its use in predicting market trends.
Market Microstructure: An analysis of the structure of financial markets, including trading rules, order types, and market participants.
Investment Strategies: A study of various investment strategies, including buy-and-hold, value investing, momentum investing, and quantitative investing.
Behavioral Finance: A study of behavioral finance and its implications for financial markets, including the role of emotions and biases in investment decisions.
Corporate Finance: An analysis of corporate finance, including the valuation of companies, capital budgeting, and the financing of corporate projects.
International Finance: A study of international finance, including the foreign exchange market, international trade, and foreign investment.
Financial Regulation: Understanding the role of regulatory bodies in financial markets and the impact of regulatory changes on market participants.
Monetary Policy and Financial Markets: An analysis of the relationship between monetary policy and financial markets, including the impact of interest rates and inflation on asset prices.
Stock market: This is where shares of publicly-traded companies are bought and sold. It is a platform where company ownership is transferred from one party to another.
Bond market: This is where government and corporate debts are bought and sold. It is where investors buy bonds (which are like IOUs) from issuers who need to borrow money for future expenses.
Foreign exchange market: This is where foreign currencies and exchange rates are traded. This market helps globalizing the flow of money and exchange of goods and services.
Commodities market: This is where raw materials such as metals, energy, agricultural goods and other resources are bought and sold. Investors buy and sell these items for profit, while suppliers and refiners use this market to reduce the risk of price fluctuations.
Derivatives market: This is where financial instruments like futures, options, and swaps are traded. Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from underlying assets, such as stocks, bonds or commodities.
Money market: This is where short-term financing is traded, usually less than a year. This includes short-term debt instruments such as treasury bills, commercial papers, and certificates of deposit.
Alternative investment market: This includes everything from private equity, hedge funds and venture capital investments, to real estate and collectibles like art and wine. These types of investments are typically reserved for institutional investors or high net worth individuals.
Equity crowdfunding market: This is a relatively new market that democratizes the investment in startups by allowing regular people to buy shares in companies they believe in without being large corporations.
Initial Public Offering market: This market refers to the process of selling shares to the public for the first time. Companies go public as a means of raising capital and to make their shares tradable in the stock market.
"...in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold."
"Capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long-term investments."
"Financial regulators like Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Bank of England (BoE) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) oversee capital markets..."
"...to protect investors against fraud, among other duties."
"Transactions on capital markets are generally managed by entities within the financial sector or the treasury departments of governments and corporations..."
"...but some can be accessed directly by the public."
"...any American citizen with an internet connection can create an account with TreasuryDirect and use it to buy bonds in the primary market..."
"...though sales to individuals form only a tiny fraction of the total volume of bonds sold."
"Various private companies provide browser-based platforms that allow individuals to buy shares and sometimes even bonds in the secondary markets."
"Entities hosting the systems include stock exchanges, investment banks, and government departments."
"Physically, the systems are hosted all over the world, though they tend to be concentrated in financial centres like London, New York, and Hong Kong."
"long-term debt (over a year)"
"...to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long-term investments."
"...a financial market in which long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold..."
"...a financial market... where short-term debt is bought and sold."
"...to protect investors against fraud, among other duties."
"Financial regulators like Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Bank of England (BoE) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)..."
"...financial centres like London, New York, and Hong Kong."
"There are many thousands of such systems, most serving only small parts of the overall capital markets."