"Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues."
Overview of the field of environmental economics, basic concepts and definitions.
Environmental Economics Fundamentals: This covers the basic principles of environmental economics and its main tools and concepts, including the demand/supply framework, market failure, and externality.
Natural Resource Economics: It focuses on the economic management of natural resources that are essential to maintaining environmental services and ecosystems. It includes concepts such as scarcity, depletion, and renewable and non-renewable natural resources.
Cost-Benefit Analysis: This is an essential tool used in environmental economics to evaluate the economic efficiency of environmental policies, programs, and projects, by comparing the social benefits of a project with its costs.
Pollution Control Policies: It covers the various policies used to regulate and control pollution and other forms of environmental degradation, including cap-and-trade systems, taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.
Valuation Methods: It involves the various methods used to assess the value of environmental goods and services, including market-based and non-market-based methods.
Sustainable Development: This topic emphasizes the integration of environmental, social, and economic goals into development policies and practices, with an ultimate aim to achieve sustainability.
Environmental Impacts of Economic Activities: It covers the impacts of different forms of economic activities on the natural environment, including the depletion of natural resources, pollution, and climate change.
International Environmental Economics: This topic focuses on the global economic issues related to the environment, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and cross-border pollution. It also covers international policy agreements and institutions related to environmental conservation.
Behavioral Economics and the Environment: This topic focuses on the ways to understand and influence human behavior in order to promote environmentally sustainable practices, such as energy conservation, recycling, and reducing waste.
Environmental Ethics and Philosophy: This topic discusses the ethical and moral issues related to environmental conservation, including the intrinsic and instrumental values of the natural environment, and the moral responsibility of humans to protect the environment.
Traditional economic analysis: This type of introduction focuses on the basic economic principles of supply and demand, market structures, and the role of the government in the economy. It also covers externalities, which are costs or benefits that fall on people who are not directly involved in an economic transaction.
Environmental science approach: This type of introduction focuses on the scientific principles and concepts of ecology and environmental science. It also covers topics such as environmental policy and the economics of sustainability.
Ecological economics: This type of introduction combines ecological and economic sciences to develop an understanding of the relationship between human communities and their natural environments. It includes topics such as natural capital, ecosystem services, and steady-state economics.
Experimental economics: This type of introduction uses economic experiments to study the behavior of individuals and groups in relation to environmental issues. It also examines how institutions, policies, and regulations affect economic behavior.
Behavioral economics: This type of introduction explores the role of human behavior in environmental decision-making. It examines how psychological factors can influence people's perception of environmental problems and how behavioral insights can be used to design policies that encourage sustainable behavior.
Green economics: This type of introduction focuses on the intersection of environmental, social, and economic issues. It examines the potential for a sustainable economy and the role of business and government in achieving this goal.
Environmental accounting: This type of introduction focuses on the measurement and accounting of environmental costs and benefits in economic decision-making. It includes topics such as environmental impact assessment, life cycle assessment, and input-output analysis.
"It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century."
"Theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the world."
"Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Environmental economics is distinguished from ecological economics in that ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem with its focus upon preserving natural capital."
"Ecological economists emphasizing 'strong' sustainability and rejecting the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought."
"Ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem."
"The focus [of ecological economics] is upon preserving natural capital."
"Ecological economists reject the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"...to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Environmental policies have economic effects in national or local contexts around the world."
"Growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century."
"Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies."
"Dealing with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem."
"Preserving natural capital."
"Ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought."
"Rejecting the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"Concerns regarding environmental issues."