- "It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul-Haq..."
A measure of a country's development that takes into account factors such as life expectancy, education, and income.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A measure of a country's economic output, which is one of the components of HDI.
Income Inequality: A measure of the distribution of income within a population, which affects the ability of individuals to access basic needs and opportunities.
Education: A component of HDI that measures access to and quality of education, which is crucial for development and future economic success.
Health: A component of HDI that measures access to and quality of health care, which affects life expectancy and well-being.
Poverty: A condition in which people lack basic necessities and resources, which can limit their ability to participate in economic and social life.
Globalization: The process of increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies, and cultures around the world, which affects HDI and economic development.
Development Economics: A field of study that aims to understand the processes and factors that contribute to economic development, including the role of institutions, policies, and governance.
Human Capital: The knowledge, skills, and abilities of people, which are essential for economic growth and development.
Technology: The application of knowledge and tools to create new goods and services, which are critical for innovation and productivity.
Environmental Sustainability: The ability to manage natural resources and ecosystems to meet current and future needs without degrading the environment, which is essential for long-term human development.
Health: This dimension is measured by life expectancy at birth.
Education: This dimension is measured by two indicators – mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
Standard of Living: This dimension is measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).
- "A statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators..."
- "A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher."
- "The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)."
- "The IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality."
- "The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul-Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities..."
- "Often framed in terms of whether people are able to 'be' and 'do' desirable things in life."
- "Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy..."
- "Examples include – doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life."
- "The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine."
- "The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country."
- "This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others." Please note that the paragraph provided does not contain twenty distinct study questions.