"The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies."
An overview of the different types of electromagnetic radiation and their corresponding wavelengths, including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, and radio waves.
Electromagnetic Waves: This topic covers the basic properties of electromagnetic waves, including wavelength, frequency, and energy.
Radiant Energy: This topic discusses the different types of radiant energy that make up the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation.
Electromagnetic Spectrum: This covers the entire range of electromagnetic waves from radio waves to gamma rays and explains how each type of wave is used in remote sensing.
Electromagnetic Radiation Transmission: This topic explains the ways in which electromagnetic waves travel through air or other media and how different wavelengths are affected by different materials.
Radiation Interactions with Earth's Atmosphere: This topic covers the various ways in which electromagnetic waves are absorbed, scattered or reflected by gases, aerosols, and clouds in Earth's atmosphere.
Remote Sensing: This topic provides an introduction to the use of remote sensing technologies in Earth science and includes information on how it works, its applications, and the limitations.
Spectroscopy: This topic refers to how electromagnetic waves can be used to study the properties of different materials by analyzing their spectra and covers topics such as absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Radiometry: This topic covers the measurement of electromagnetic radiation and includes topics such as radiometric calibration, radiance, and irradiance.
Electromagnetic Sensor Systems: This topic covers the different types of electromagnetic sensors used in remote sensing, including passive and active sensors, and explains how they work.
Radiative Transfer Models: This topic explains how computer models are used to simulate the transfer of electromagnetic radiation through Earth's atmosphere and how these models help to interpret remote sensing data.
Radio waves: Electromagnetic waves with long wavelengths and low frequencies that are used for communication and broadcasting.
Microwaves: Shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves, used for communication and cooking food.
Terahertz radiation: Electromagnetic waves with frequencies between microwaves and infrared radiation, used in security scanners at airports.
Infrared radiation: Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for thermal imaging and night vision.
Visible light: Electromagnetic waves that are visible to the human eye, with the colors ranging from violet to red.
Ultraviolet radiation: Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths than visible light, which can cause sunburn and skin cancer.
X-rays: High-energy electromagnetic waves that have shorter wavelengths than UV radiation, used in medical imaging to see inside the body.
Gamma rays: The shortest and most energetic electromagnetic waves, produced in nuclear reactions and in outer space.
"The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10^25 hertz."
"This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names."
"Beginning at the low-frequency (long-wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end."
"The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications."
"Extreme ultraviolet, soft X-rays, hard X-rays and gamma rays are classified as ionizing radiation because their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions."
"Radiation of visible light and longer wavelengths are classified as nonionizing radiation because they have insufficient energy to cause these effects."
"There is no known limit for long and short wavelengths."
"Throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy can be used to separate waves of different frequencies."
"Spectroscopy is used to study the interactions of electromagnetic waves with matter."
"The electromagnetic waves within the radio wave frequency band are used in various applications such as communication systems, broadcasting, and radar."
"Microwaves, with their higher frequencies, are utilized in cooking, telecommunications, and radar technology."
"Infrared waves find applications in thermal imaging, remote sensing, spectroscopy, and heating processes."
"Visible light is the range of electromagnetic waves that enables us to perceive colors and allows for vision."
"Ultraviolet waves are utilized in sterilization, fluorescence analysis, and diverse fields like medicine and forensics."
"X-rays, with their higher-energy photons, are extensively used in medical imaging and diagnostics."
"Gamma rays, the highest-frequency electromagnetic waves, are employed in nuclear medicine, cancer treatment, and studying high-energy particles."
"Ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, has enough energy to ionize atoms, whereas nonionizing radiation, like visible light, lacks sufficient energy for these effects."
"The interactions of electromagnetic waves with matter vary depending on their frequency bands, but there are no known limitations mentioned."
"Throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum, spectroscopy can be used to separate waves of different frequencies."