"Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past."
The study of extreme weather events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts, and heatwaves.
Atmospheric composition: This explains the various gases and particulate matter that make up the Earth’s atmosphere and their effects on weather patterns.
Atmospheric circulation: This is the movement of air across the Earth’s atmosphere, which is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the terrain.
Air masses: This refers to large bodies of air that have distinct temperature and moisture characteristics, which interact with the Earth’s surface to create weather patterns.
Fronts: This refers to the boundary where two air masses meet, which can cause changes in weather patterns, such as storms or precipitation.
Clouds: This describes the different types of clouds, formations, and their interactions with light and moisture in the atmosphere.
Precipitation: This refers to the various forms of water that fall from the atmosphere, including rain, snow, and hail.
Thunderstorms: This describes the characteristics of thunderstorms, including the formation of lightning and other types of electrical discharge.
Tropical cyclones: These are massive storms that form over tropical seas, which can cause significant damage to coastal areas and inland regions.
Climate: This is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region, which is influenced by a variety of factors, such as geography, ocean currents, and atmospheric composition.
Weather forecasting: This involves the prediction of weather patterns and phenomena using a combination of meteorological data, models, and human expertise.
Severe weather: This refers to weather patterns that pose a significant risk to life and property, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and floods.
Climate change: This describes the ongoing and long-term changes in the Earth’s climate, which are caused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Atmospheric optics: This refers to the study of the interaction of light with the atmosphere, which gives rise to phenomena such as rainbows, halos, and auroras.
Radiative transfer: This explains the way in which energy is transferred through the atmosphere, such as the absorption and emission of radiation.
Atmospheric dynamics: This describes the movement of the Earth’s atmosphere and its interactions with other dynamic systems, such as the oceans and land surface.
Temperature: The degree or amount of hotness or coldness of an object or environment.
Pressure: The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on the surface of the earth.
Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air.
Precipitation: Any form of moisture that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground.
Clouds: Collections of atmospheric water vapor that are visible to the naked eye.
Wind: The movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
Visibility: The horizontal distance an object can be seen from a particular point.
Thunderstorms: A storm characterized by lightning and thunder, often accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds.
Hurricanes: A powerful tropical cyclone with winds over 74 mph.
Tornadoes: A violent rotating column of air often produced in thunderstorms that can damage structures and vehicles.
Cyclones: A low-pressure weather system characterized by rotating winds.
Blizzards: A severe winter weather event characterized by heavy snow, high winds, and low visibility.
Hail: Precipitation that falls in the form of balls or chunks of ice.
Fog: A cloud that forms at or near the ground surface.
Frost: The formation of ice crystals on a surface when the surface temperature drops below freezing.
Heatwaves: Prolonged periods of excessive heat, often accompanied by high humidity.
Cold waves: Prolonged periods of very low temperatures.
Drought: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, resulting in a shortage of water supply.
Floods: An overflow of water that submerges land not normally submerged.
Lightning: The discharge of electricity from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground.
"The main types of extreme weather include heat waves, cold waves, and heavy precipitation or storm events, such as tropical cyclones."
"Extreme events are based on a location's recorded weather history. They are defined as lying in the most unusual ten percent (10th or 90th percentile of a probability density function)."
"The effects of extreme weather events are economic costs, loss of human lives, droughts, floods, landslides."
"Severe weather is a particular type of extreme weather which poses risks to life and property."
"Climate change is increasing the periodicity and intensity of some extreme weather events."
"Confidence in the attribution of extreme weather and other events to anthropogenic climate change is highest in changes in frequency or magnitude of extreme heat and cold events."
"Some confidence in increases in heavy precipitation and increases in the intensity of droughts."
"Current evidence and climate models show that an increasing global temperature will intensify extreme weather events around the globe, thereby amplifying human loss, damages and economic costs, and ecosystem destruction."
"Extreme weather has significant impacts on human society as well as natural ecosystems."
"A global insurer Munich Re estimates that natural disasters cause more than $90 billion in global direct losses in 2015."
"Some human activities can exacerbate the effects, for example poor urban planning, wetland destruction, and building homes along floodplains."
"The effects of extreme weather events are economic costs."
"The main types of extreme weather include heat waves, cold waves, and heavy precipitation or storm events, such as tropical cyclones."
"They are defined as lying in the most unusual ten percent (10th or 90th percentile of a probability density function)."
"The effects of extreme weather events are economic costs, loss of human lives, droughts, floods, landslides."
"Confidence in the attribution of extreme weather and other events to anthropogenic climate change is highest in changes in frequency or magnitude of extreme heat and cold events."
"Climate change is increasing the periodicity and intensity of some extreme weather events."
"Current evidence and climate models show that an increasing global temperature will intensify extreme weather events around the globe, thereby amplifying human loss, damages and economic costs, and ecosystem destruction."
"Some human activities can exacerbate the effects, for example poor urban planning, wetland destruction, and building homes along floodplains."