"The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts."
The study of tools and equipment used to measure and record atmospheric conditions, including thermometers, anemometers, and weather balloons.
Atmospheric Pressure: The measurement of air pressure at a specific location, commonly measured in hectopascals (hPa) or millibars (mb).
Temperature: The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere, typically measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C).
Humidity: The measure of the amount of moisture in the air, typically measured as relative humidity (RH) as a percentage.
Precipitation: The measure of the amount of rainfall or snowfall at a specific location, typically measured in inches or millimeters.
Wind Speed and Direction: The measure of the horizontal movement of air currents, typically measured in miles per hour (mph) or knots (kt) and direction measured in degrees from true north.
Solar Radiation: The measure of the amount of energy emitted by the sun, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²).
Atmospheric Ozone: The measure of atmospheric ozone concentrations, typically measured in parts per billion (ppb).
Air Quality: The measure of pollutants and other harmful substances present in the atmosphere, typically measured in parts per million (ppm).
Cloud Cover: The measure of the amount of clouds and their density in the sky, typically measured in tenths.
Thunderstorm Activity: The measure of lightning discharges and thunderstorm activity in a specific area.
Visibility: The measure of the distance at which objects can be clearly seen in the atmosphere, typically measured in miles or kilometers.
Weather Satellites and Radar: The use of satellites and radar technologies to monitor and forecast weather patterns.
Climate Change: The study of long-term changes in the earth’s climate patterns and its impact on the global environment.
Oceanography: The study of the ocean and its effects on the atmosphere, including ocean currents, tides, and sea level changes.
Weather Forecasting: The use of meteorological instruments and data analysis to predict future weather patterns and conditions.
Thermometers: These instruments are used to measure the temperature of the atmosphere.
Barometers: Barometers are used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Hygrometers: These instruments measure the humidity in the air.
Anemometers: Anemometers are used to measure the wind speed and direction.
Wind Vanes: The instruments are used to indicate the direction of the wind.
Rain Gauges: These devices ore used to measure the amount of precipitation that has fallen over a given period.
Radiosondes: Radiosondes are used for measuring meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind.
Ceilometers: These devices are used to measure the height of the cloud base.
Pyranometers: Pyranometers are used to measure the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.
Evaporation Pans: These devices are used for the measurement of potential evapotranspiration from the surface of the Earth.
Lysimeters: Lysimeters are used for the measurement of actual evapotranspiration.
Visibility Meters: The instruments are used for determining the visibility in the atmosphere.
Doppler Radars: These devices use reflected radio waves to detect and measure the movement of atmospheric particles such as rain, insects, and dust.
Lightning Detectors: Lightning detectors are used to detect and locate the occurrence of lightning strikes.
Spectrophotometers: Spectrophotometers are used to measure the optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere.
Sun photometers: These instruments are used for the measurement of the spectral radiance of sunlight.
Cloud Radar: Cloud radar instruments are used to detect and track the movement and formation of clouds in the atmosphere.
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers: These instruments are used for the measurement of the thermal radiation that is emitted by the Earth's atmosphere.
GPS Radiosondes: GPS radiosondes are used to measure the profiles of temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind in the atmosphere.
Microbarographs: Microbarographs record atmospheric pressure changes with high sensitivity.
Photometers: Photometers are used to measure the amount of light and radiation in the Earth's atmosphere.
Spectrometers: Spectrometers are used to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation, as a function of its wavelength.
Scintillometers: Scintillometers are used for measurement of atmospheric refractive index structure functions.
Radiometers: Radiometer instruments measure the power flux density of electromagnetic radiation.
Seismometers: These devices detect and record the waves produced by earthquakes in the Earth's crust.
Spectroheliographs: Spectroheliographs measure the brightness and spectral characteristics of solar features such as sunspots and flares.
MRI: An MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field to create detailed images of the inside of the body.
Lidars: Lidars use laser beams to measure the distance to and properties of atmospheric particles such as clouds, aerosols, and pollutants.
Scatterometers: Scatterometers measure the reflection and scattering properties of the Earth's surface, especially for ocean waves and winds.
Floats: Floats are unmanned surface vehicles that drift with oceanic currents to measure sea surface temperature, salinity, and currents.
"A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea..."
"...to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate."
"Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period."
"Manual observations are taken at least once daily."
"Automated measurements are taken at least once an hour."
"Temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation."
"Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount."
"Sea surface temperature (SST)."
"...to study the weather and climate."
"Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount."
"Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys..."
"Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible..."
"...temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity..."
"...to provide information for weather forecasts..."
"...automated measurements are taken at least once an hour."
"...to provide information for weather forecasts..."
"...measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period."
"Manual observations are taken at least once daily."
"The measurements... provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate."